Exogenic Processes and Weathering
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Exogenic Processes and Weathering

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a type of weathering?

  • Biological Weathering
  • Mechanical Weathering (correct)
  • Physical Weathering
  • Chemical Weathering

    • Chemical weathering occurs without any changes to the minerals in rocks.

    False

    What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces called?

    Weathering

    The process of weathering caused by water freezing and expanding in rock cracks is known as ______.

    <p>Freeze-thaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of weathering to its description:

    <p>Abrasion = Sand and rock carried by wind, water, ice wears away surface rock Hydrolysis = Break down of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts Exfoliation = Pressure in a rock is released causing parallel splits Dissolution = Limestone dissolves in acidic waters due to atmospheric pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the rate of weathering?

    <p>Plant species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main types of physical weathering include abrasion, freeze-thaw, and chemical reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical weathering involves the reaction of minerals with water to produce clays?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary result of oxidation in weathering processes?

    <p>Formation of ferric iron oxide (hematite)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in cold and dry climates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where water, carbon dioxide, and calcite react to form calcium and bicarbonate ions?

    <p>Dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocks that are highly jointed or fractured tend to __________ faster than solid masses of rock.

    <p>disintegrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of weathering with its description:

    <p>Oxidation = Breakdown of rock by oxygen and water Hydrolysis = Reaction with water that forms clay minerals Biological Weathering = Weathering caused by biological agents Dissolution = Mineral dissolution into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the rate of weathering?

    <p>Type of vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biological weathering can occur through both physical means and chemical compounds.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one biological agent that can enhance the weathering of rocks.

    <p>Animals or plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent of erosion is responsible for carrying particles such as dust and sand?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erosion by glaciers occurs only in warm areas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the formation of a sinkhole?

    <p>Dissolution of soluble rocks or collapse of a cave's roof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of erosion caused by waves crashing against the shore is known as ______.

    <p>erosion by water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following erosional landforms with their descriptions:

    <p>Alluvial Fan = Landform resulting from stream deposition in a valley Oxbow Lake = U-shaped lake formed when a river meanders Barrier Island = Coastal landform parallel to the shore Spit = Sandy landform connecting an island to the mainland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting stream erosion?

    <p>Wind speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of erosion by ice is primarily related to the movement of rocks downhill in warm climates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one feature commonly found in caves formed by erosion.

    <p>Dripstone (or stalactites, stalagmites, columns).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glacier is typically long and narrow and found in valleys?

    <p>Valley glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mass wasting is the movement of rock and soil upwards due to volcanic activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural process occurs when materials settle at the bottom of bodies of water?

    <p>Sedimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which glaciers transport sediments is known as ___

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mass wasting types with their descriptions:

    <p>Slump = A rotational movement of material along a curved surface Mudflow = Rapid movement of water-saturated soil and debris Rock Fall = Free fall of rock from a cliff Soil Creep = Slow, gradual movement of soil down a slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to mass wasting by adding weight and acting as a lubricant?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ice shelves are sheets of ice floating on water and are unbounded by land.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of erosion by gravity?

    <p>Mass movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exogenic Processes

    • Exogenic processes are outside the Earth's surface.
    • They are driven by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
    • Exogenic processes include weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and denudation.

    Weathering

    • The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.

    Types of Weathering

    • Physical weathering: rocks break down physically.
      • Abrasion: rocks collide and wear away each other's surfaces.
      • Freeze-thaw: water freezes and expands, cracking rocks.
      • Exfoliation: pressure is released from rocks, causing them to peel.
    • Chemical weathering: rocks break down through chemical changes.
      • Acidification: acidic rainwater caused by pollution dissolves rocks.
      • Dissolution: acidic water dissolves minerals in rocks.
      • Hydrolysis: acidic water breaks down rocks into clay and salts.
      • Hydration: rocks react with water and change their chemical structure.
      • Oxidation: rocks react with oxygen and water, creating a rusty surface.

    Factors Affecting Weathering

    • Climate: Temperature and rainfall influence the rate of weathering. Warm and wet climates have higher chemical weathering rates.
    • Rock type: Different minerals have different weathering susceptibilities. Olivine weathers faster than quartz.
    • Rock structure: Joints, folds, faults, and bedding planes allow weathering agents to penetrate rocks. Rocks with these structures weather faster.
    • Topography: Steep slopes weather faster than gentle slopes.
    • Time: The longer a rock is exposed, the more weathered it becomes.

    Biological Weathering

    • Rocks are weakened by biological agents.
      • Physical means: Animals dig and move rocks, exposing them to other weathering factors.
      • Chemical compounds: Plants and animals produce acidic substances that dissolve rocks.

    Erosion

    • The process of moving weathered rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

    Agents of Erosion

    • Wind: Carries dust, sand, and volcanic ash.
    • Water: Changes coastline shape, creates rivers and valleys, dissolves rocks, and forms sinkholes.
    • Ice: Glaciers move and erode the land.
    • Gravity: Pulls loose particles downslope.

    Mass Wasting

    • The movement of rocks, soil, and regolith downslope due to gravity.
    • Triggered by: Steep slopes, water, earthquakes, and vegetation removal.
    • Types: Slump, Solifluction, Earthflow, Mudflow, Debris Slide, Debris Flow, Rock Fall, and Soil Creep.

    Sedimentation

    • The process of material settling to the bottom of bodies of water and forming solid deposits.

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    Related Documents

    Exogenic Processes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of exogenic processes that shape the Earth's surface. This quiz focuses on the different types of weathering, including physical and chemical weathering techniques. Test your knowledge about how external forces like the atmosphere and hydrosphere contribute to geological changes.

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