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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a type of weathering?
Which of the following is not a type of weathering?
Chemical weathering occurs without any changes to the minerals in rocks.
Chemical weathering occurs without any changes to the minerals in rocks.
False
What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces called?
What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces called?
Weathering
The process of weathering caused by water freezing and expanding in rock cracks is known as ______.
The process of weathering caused by water freezing and expanding in rock cracks is known as ______.
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Match the type of weathering to its description:
Match the type of weathering to its description:
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Which factor does NOT affect the rate of weathering?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of weathering?
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The main types of physical weathering include abrasion, freeze-thaw, and chemical reactions.
The main types of physical weathering include abrasion, freeze-thaw, and chemical reactions.
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What type of chemical weathering involves the reaction of minerals with water to produce clays?
What type of chemical weathering involves the reaction of minerals with water to produce clays?
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What is the primary result of oxidation in weathering processes?
What is the primary result of oxidation in weathering processes?
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Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in cold and dry climates.
Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in cold and dry climates.
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What is the process called where water, carbon dioxide, and calcite react to form calcium and bicarbonate ions?
What is the process called where water, carbon dioxide, and calcite react to form calcium and bicarbonate ions?
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Rocks that are highly jointed or fractured tend to __________ faster than solid masses of rock.
Rocks that are highly jointed or fractured tend to __________ faster than solid masses of rock.
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Match the type of weathering with its description:
Match the type of weathering with its description:
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Which factor does NOT affect the rate of weathering?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of weathering?
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Biological weathering can occur through both physical means and chemical compounds.
Biological weathering can occur through both physical means and chemical compounds.
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Name one biological agent that can enhance the weathering of rocks.
Name one biological agent that can enhance the weathering of rocks.
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Which agent of erosion is responsible for carrying particles such as dust and sand?
Which agent of erosion is responsible for carrying particles such as dust and sand?
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Erosion by glaciers occurs only in warm areas.
Erosion by glaciers occurs only in warm areas.
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What contributes to the formation of a sinkhole?
What contributes to the formation of a sinkhole?
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The type of erosion caused by waves crashing against the shore is known as ______.
The type of erosion caused by waves crashing against the shore is known as ______.
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Match the following erosional landforms with their descriptions:
Match the following erosional landforms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting stream erosion?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting stream erosion?
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The process of erosion by ice is primarily related to the movement of rocks downhill in warm climates.
The process of erosion by ice is primarily related to the movement of rocks downhill in warm climates.
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Name one feature commonly found in caves formed by erosion.
Name one feature commonly found in caves formed by erosion.
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Which type of glacier is typically long and narrow and found in valleys?
Which type of glacier is typically long and narrow and found in valleys?
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Mass wasting is the movement of rock and soil upwards due to volcanic activity.
Mass wasting is the movement of rock and soil upwards due to volcanic activity.
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What natural process occurs when materials settle at the bottom of bodies of water?
What natural process occurs when materials settle at the bottom of bodies of water?
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The process by which glaciers transport sediments is known as ___
The process by which glaciers transport sediments is known as ___
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Match the following mass wasting types with their descriptions:
Match the following mass wasting types with their descriptions:
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Which factor contributes to mass wasting by adding weight and acting as a lubricant?
Which factor contributes to mass wasting by adding weight and acting as a lubricant?
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Ice shelves are sheets of ice floating on water and are unbounded by land.
Ice shelves are sheets of ice floating on water and are unbounded by land.
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What is the primary cause of erosion by gravity?
What is the primary cause of erosion by gravity?
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Study Notes
Exogenic Processes
- Exogenic processes are outside the Earth's surface.
- They are driven by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
- Exogenic processes include weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and denudation.
Weathering
- The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
Types of Weathering
-
Physical weathering: rocks break down physically.
- Abrasion: rocks collide and wear away each other's surfaces.
- Freeze-thaw: water freezes and expands, cracking rocks.
- Exfoliation: pressure is released from rocks, causing them to peel.
-
Chemical weathering: rocks break down through chemical changes.
- Acidification: acidic rainwater caused by pollution dissolves rocks.
- Dissolution: acidic water dissolves minerals in rocks.
- Hydrolysis: acidic water breaks down rocks into clay and salts.
- Hydration: rocks react with water and change their chemical structure.
- Oxidation: rocks react with oxygen and water, creating a rusty surface.
Factors Affecting Weathering
- Climate: Temperature and rainfall influence the rate of weathering. Warm and wet climates have higher chemical weathering rates.
- Rock type: Different minerals have different weathering susceptibilities. Olivine weathers faster than quartz.
- Rock structure: Joints, folds, faults, and bedding planes allow weathering agents to penetrate rocks. Rocks with these structures weather faster.
- Topography: Steep slopes weather faster than gentle slopes.
- Time: The longer a rock is exposed, the more weathered it becomes.
Biological Weathering
- Rocks are weakened by biological agents.
- Physical means: Animals dig and move rocks, exposing them to other weathering factors.
- Chemical compounds: Plants and animals produce acidic substances that dissolve rocks.
Erosion
- The process of moving weathered rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Agents of Erosion
- Wind: Carries dust, sand, and volcanic ash.
- Water: Changes coastline shape, creates rivers and valleys, dissolves rocks, and forms sinkholes.
- Ice: Glaciers move and erode the land.
- Gravity: Pulls loose particles downslope.
Mass Wasting
- The movement of rocks, soil, and regolith downslope due to gravity.
- Triggered by: Steep slopes, water, earthquakes, and vegetation removal.
- Types: Slump, Solifluction, Earthflow, Mudflow, Debris Slide, Debris Flow, Rock Fall, and Soil Creep.
Sedimentation
- The process of material settling to the bottom of bodies of water and forming solid deposits.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of exogenic processes that shape the Earth's surface. This quiz focuses on the different types of weathering, including physical and chemical weathering techniques. Test your knowledge about how external forces like the atmosphere and hydrosphere contribute to geological changes.
