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What is the main characteristic of exogenic processes?
What is the main characteristic of exogenic processes?
Which type of weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks without changing their mineral composition?
Which type of weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks without changing their mineral composition?
Which process is most likely to cause frost wedging?
Which process is most likely to cause frost wedging?
What type of weathering is thermal stress associated with?
What type of weathering is thermal stress associated with?
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What can lead to unloading or pressure release in igneous rocks?
What can lead to unloading or pressure release in igneous rocks?
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Which process involves the formation of new compounds through chemical reactions?
Which process involves the formation of new compounds through chemical reactions?
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How does insolation weathering primarily impact rocks?
How does insolation weathering primarily impact rocks?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of physical weathering?
Which of the following is NOT a type of physical weathering?
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What is oxidation primarily responsible for in rocks?
What is oxidation primarily responsible for in rocks?
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What substance is primarily involved in hydrolysis?
What substance is primarily involved in hydrolysis?
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Which type of mass wasting involves the movement of a cohesive mass of soil or rock?
Which type of mass wasting involves the movement of a cohesive mass of soil or rock?
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What type of erosion occurs when carbon dioxide reacts with water to decompose rock material?
What type of erosion occurs when carbon dioxide reacts with water to decompose rock material?
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What is the accumulation of fallen materials at the base of a cliff called?
What is the accumulation of fallen materials at the base of a cliff called?
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What characterizes a translational landslide?
What characterizes a translational landslide?
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What differentiates slurry flows from granular flows in mass wasting?
What differentiates slurry flows from granular flows in mass wasting?
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Which process is NOT a form of biological weathering?
Which process is NOT a form of biological weathering?
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What is the primary agent of erosion on Earth?
What is the primary agent of erosion on Earth?
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What type of erosion involves the formation of narrow channels due to heavy rainfall?
What type of erosion involves the formation of narrow channels due to heavy rainfall?
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Which of the following describes the process of glacial plucking?
Which of the following describes the process of glacial plucking?
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How does coastline erosion primarily occur?
How does coastline erosion primarily occur?
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What are glacial striations?
What are glacial striations?
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Which type of erosion is likely to adversely affect the structure of soil overland?
Which type of erosion is likely to adversely affect the structure of soil overland?
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What is the process of abrasion in glacial erosion?
What is the process of abrasion in glacial erosion?
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Which form of erosion is caused by wind carrying dust and volcanic ash?
Which form of erosion is caused by wind carrying dust and volcanic ash?
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Study Notes
Exogenic Processes
- External processes near Earth's surface, transforming rock into sediment.
- Include weathering, mass wasting, and erosion.
- Responsible for shaping Earth's surface.
Weathering
- Physical or chemical breakdown/alteration of rocks.
- Does not involve movement of materials.
- Three types: physical, chemical, and biological.
Types of Physical Weathering
- Frost Wedging: Repeated freezing and thawing of water in cracks expands, breaking rocks.
- Insolation Weathering (Thermal Stress): Expansion and contraction of rocks due to temperature changes.
- Unloading (Pressure Release): Removal of overlying rock layers allows the outer rock layer to expand and break apart.
Types of Chemical Weathering
- Oxidation: Oxygen reacts with minerals, changing their composition (often creating reddish-brown rust).
- Hydrolysis: Chemical breakdown of minerals when combined with water.
- Carbonation/Solution: Dissolution of rocks by carbonic acid (formed from carbon dioxide and water).
Mass Wasting
- Downslope movement of surface materials (rock, soil, regolith) due to gravity.
- Types include:
- Rock Fall: Individual rocks fall from a cliff.
- Debris Fall: Mixture of rocks, soil, and other materials fall from a cliff.
- Landslides: Rapid movement of a mass of soil and rock.
- Flows: Mass moves like a liquid (e.g., slurry flows, granular flows).
Erosion
- Transport of weathered sediments by agents like:
-
Water: The primary agent.
- Splash erosion: Raindrops dislodge particles.
- Sheet erosion: Overland flow of water carries soil.
- Rill erosion: Small channels form and erode.
- Gully erosion: Deeper channels form.
- Valley erosion: Valleys are carved by flowing water.
- Bank erosion: Removal of soil and rock from banks of streams/rivers.
- Coastline erosion: Waves erode coastlines.
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Ice (Glaciers):
- Plucking: Rocks freeze to the glacier and are carried away.
- Abrasion: Rocks embedded in the glacier scrape against underlying rock.
- Wind: Carries dust, sand, and other material.
-
Water: The primary agent.
Biological Weathering
- Weathering caused by organisms (plants, animals, bacteria).
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of exogenic processes, including weathering, mass wasting, and erosion. This quiz covers the various types of physical and chemical weathering, as well as their contributions to transforming rock into sediment and shaping the Earth's surface.
