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Questions and Answers
What effect does seawater have on limestone and chalk coasts?
What effect does seawater have on limestone and chalk coasts?
- It reinforces the rock structure through mineral deposition.
- It causes erosion through thermal expansion.
- It leads to chemical weathering by dissolving material. (correct)
- It prevents corrosion by neutralizing acids.
What is the process of attrition primarily characterized by?
What is the process of attrition primarily characterized by?
- Loose sediment gradually getting worn down through collision. (correct)
- Chemical reactions occurring between sediments and water.
- Sediments colliding and becoming frictionless.
- Large boulders breaking due to thermal stress.
Which statement best describes hydraulic action?
Which statement best describes hydraulic action?
- It refers to water expanding as it freezes and cracking rocks.
- It is a force that moves loose sediment around by waves. (correct)
- It causes water to retreat, leaving salt deposits.
- It involves air blasts compressing and eroding rock.
What role do air blasts play in the process of wave erosion?
What role do air blasts play in the process of wave erosion?
During which process does loose sediment become smaller and rounder?
During which process does loose sediment become smaller and rounder?
What occurs when rain droplets pick up carbon dioxide in humid areas?
What occurs when rain droplets pick up carbon dioxide in humid areas?
Which type of rock is mainly affected by the dissolving action of carbonic acid formed by rain droplets?
Which type of rock is mainly affected by the dissolving action of carbonic acid formed by rain droplets?
What effect do plant roots have on rocks?
What effect do plant roots have on rocks?
What is the process of erosion?
What is the process of erosion?
Which agent is NOT an example of erosion?
Which agent is NOT an example of erosion?
How does running water contribute to erosion?
How does running water contribute to erosion?
What factor is primarily responsible for the mobility of erosion agents?
What factor is primarily responsible for the mobility of erosion agents?
Which biological process can lead to the enlargement of cracks in rocks?
Which biological process can lead to the enlargement of cracks in rocks?
What are exogenic forces?
What are exogenic forces?
What is the primary result of weathering?
What is the primary result of weathering?
What is one cause of physical weathering?
What is one cause of physical weathering?
What happens during frost wedging?
What happens during frost wedging?
Where is frost wedging most likely to occur?
Where is frost wedging most likely to occur?
Which of the following is NOT a result of physical weathering?
Which of the following is NOT a result of physical weathering?
What can cause rocks to crack and break down over time?
What can cause rocks to crack and break down over time?
Which scenario best exemplifies mechanical weathering?
Which scenario best exemplifies mechanical weathering?
What effect does acid in rainwater have on limestone?
What effect does acid in rainwater have on limestone?
How does the velocity of a river affect material transport?
How does the velocity of a river affect material transport?
Which statement best explains the relationship between water volume and sediment transport?
Which statement best explains the relationship between water volume and sediment transport?
What occurs during the traction process in river currents?
What occurs during the traction process in river currents?
How do hard rocks like granite erode compared to soft rocks like shale?
How do hard rocks like granite erode compared to soft rocks like shale?
Which of the following describes a river's current carefully?
Which of the following describes a river's current carefully?
What is one characteristic of sediment found in suspension within a river?
What is one characteristic of sediment found in suspension within a river?
Which factor does NOT affect sediment transport in a river?
Which factor does NOT affect sediment transport in a river?
What happens to rocks that are subjected to fast-flowing river currents?
What happens to rocks that are subjected to fast-flowing river currents?
Which of the following statements about erosion by rivers is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about erosion by rivers is incorrect?
What process is responsible for the erosion of cliffs by waves?
What process is responsible for the erosion of cliffs by waves?
What does the process of deposition involve?
What does the process of deposition involve?
What is the primary means by which glaciers transport materials?
What is the primary means by which glaciers transport materials?
Which material is typically deposited last during the process of deposition?
Which material is typically deposited last during the process of deposition?
What occurs when a river loses energy?
What occurs when a river loses energy?
Which of the following is NOT a part of a river's processes?
Which of the following is NOT a part of a river's processes?
What term describes the excessive wear of rocks against each other in a river?
What term describes the excessive wear of rocks against each other in a river?
Which material is usually carried along the river bed?
Which material is usually carried along the river bed?
What process involves smaller pebbles being picked up and dropped again in a river?
What process involves smaller pebbles being picked up and dropped again in a river?
Which type of material is deposited first during the deposition process?
Which type of material is deposited first during the deposition process?
What does the term 'corrosion' refer to in the context of river processes?
What does the term 'corrosion' refer to in the context of river processes?
What role do glaciers play in the landscape?
What role do glaciers play in the landscape?
Which of the following describes attrition in rivers?
Which of the following describes attrition in rivers?
How does the process of erosion affect rivers?
How does the process of erosion affect rivers?
Study Notes
Exogenic Forces
- Exogenic forces are forces that come from the Earth's exterior (outside).
- Weathering is a result of external forces.
Weathering
- The wearing down or breaking of rocks and minerals.
- There are different types of weathering.
Physical Weathering
- Drastic temperature changes (often occurring in dry deserts) can cause constant expansion and compression of rocks which may lead to cracks and eventually breakdown.
- Frost wedging happens in cold, rainy places. Water seeps into a rock's crack and freezes. Due to freezing, the water turns into ice and expands. This enlarges the crack and can lead to the breaking of said rock.
- In humid areas like Vietnam and Slovenia, rain droplets pick up carbon dioxide from the air and ground. When this comes in contact with certain rocks (mostly limestone) it dissolves, forming acidic water.
Chemical Weathering
- Seawater dissolves material from the rock. This is mostly happening along limestone and chalk coasts when salt is dissolved.
Biological Weathering
- When plants grow in cracks in rocks, they can make the crack bigger.
- Roots can also cause biological weathering. Roots growing in different directions can lead to asphalt breaking.
Erosion
- The transport of broken-down materials.
- This often happens through agents such as water, ice, wind, and waves.
- Agents are made mobile by gravity and gradient.
Water
- Running water, like rivers, can easily pick up debris and transport it.
Waves
- The repeated hitting of waves can wear cliffs down and transport the broken-off material at the same time.
Ice
- Ice, mostly transported through glaciers, glides down mountains and picks up material on its way.
Deposition
- The relocation of broken-down material.
- The heavy material gets relocated first.
Moraines
- Moraines are transported and deposited materials by a glacier.
Rivers
- The river wears away and breaks down (erosion).
- Rivers load materials such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt, and mud.
Processes of a River
- Corrasion (abrasion): The river's load (sand and pebbles) are dragged along the river bed, wearing it away.
- Attrition: Rocks knock together and wear away, becoming smaller and more rounded.
- Saltation: Smaller pebbles are picked up and dropped again.
- Bedload: Heavy material is carried along the bottom.
- Solution: Rocks like limestone are dissolved by acid in rainwater.
Factors Affecting River Work
- Velocity of the river: (energy) - The faster the river is, the larger material it can transport.
- Volume of the water: The more water, the more volume.
- The bedrock along the river: Hard rocks (granite) erode slowly, making the river bed smooth and round. Soft rocks (shale) erode faster.
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Description
Test your knowledge on exogenic forces and the processes of weathering. This quiz covers various types of weathering, including physical and chemical weathering, and their effects on rocks and minerals. Explore how external factors contribute to these geological processes.
