Exogenic Forces and Weathering Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What effect does seawater have on limestone and chalk coasts?

It reinforces the rock structure through mineral deposition.

It causes erosion through thermal expansion.

It leads to chemical weathering by dissolving material. (correct)

It prevents corrosion by neutralizing acids.

What is the process of attrition primarily characterized by?

Loose sediment gradually getting worn down through collision. (correct)

Chemical reactions occurring between sediments and water.

Sediments colliding and becoming frictionless.

Large boulders breaking due to thermal stress.

Which statement best describes hydraulic action?

It refers to water expanding as it freezes and cracking rocks.

It is a force that moves loose sediment around by waves. (correct)

It causes water to retreat, leaving salt deposits.

It involves air blasts compressing and eroding rock.

What role do air blasts play in the process of wave erosion?

They blast out air, increasing erosion through pressure. Signup and view all the answers

During which process does loose sediment become smaller and rounder?

Attrition Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when rain droplets pick up carbon dioxide in humid areas?

They dissolve certain rocks. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock is mainly affected by the dissolving action of carbonic acid formed by rain droplets?

Limestone Signup and view all the answers

What effect do plant roots have on rocks?

They can cause rocks to fracture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of erosion?

The transport of broken down materials. Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is NOT an example of erosion?

Solar radiation Signup and view all the answers

How does running water contribute to erosion?

By picking up and transporting debris. Signup and view all the answers

What factor is primarily responsible for the mobility of erosion agents?

Gravity and gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which biological process can lead to the enlargement of cracks in rocks?

Mechanical breakdown of roots Signup and view all the answers

What are exogenic forces?

Forces that come from the Earth's exterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of weathering?

Wearing down or breaking of rocks and minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is one cause of physical weathering?

Drastic temperature changes Signup and view all the answers

What happens during frost wedging?

Water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands Signup and view all the answers

Where is frost wedging most likely to occur?

In cold, rainy places Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a result of physical weathering?

Breakdown of rocks from chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What can cause rocks to crack and break down over time?

A combination of temperature changes and water freezing Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best exemplifies mechanical weathering?

Ice formation leading to rock expansion Signup and view all the answers

What effect does acid in rainwater have on limestone?

It dissolves the limestone. Signup and view all the answers

How does the velocity of a river affect material transport?

The faster the river, the larger material it can transport. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains the relationship between water volume and sediment transport?

A greater volume of water can transport more materials. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the traction process in river currents?

Large stones are moved and spun around. Signup and view all the answers

How do hard rocks like granite erode compared to soft rocks like shale?

Granite erodes slowly, while shale erodes quickly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a river's current carefully?

It can carry both sediment and larger rocks. Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of sediment found in suspension within a river?

It is typically lighter and smaller particles. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect sediment transport in a river?

Water temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rocks that are subjected to fast-flowing river currents?

They may undergo significant erosion and alteration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about erosion by rivers is incorrect?

Hard rocks erode faster than soft rocks. Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for the erosion of cliffs by waves?

Abrasion Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of deposition involve?

Relocation of material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means by which glaciers transport materials?

Gliding Signup and view all the answers

Which material is typically deposited last during the process of deposition?

Light silt Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a river loses energy?

It deposits material Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of a river's processes?

Precipitation Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the excessive wear of rocks against each other in a river?

Attrition Signup and view all the answers

Which material is usually carried along the river bed?

Heavy material Signup and view all the answers

What process involves smaller pebbles being picked up and dropped again in a river?

Saltation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of material is deposited first during the deposition process?

Heavy material Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'corrosion' refer to in the context of river processes?

Chemical alteration of materials Signup and view all the answers

What role do glaciers play in the landscape?

Transporting sediment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes attrition in rivers?

Rocks grinding against each other Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of erosion affect rivers?

Breaks down riverbanks and changes paths Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exogenic Forces

Exogenic forces are forces that come from the Earth's exterior (outside).
Weathering is a result of external forces.

Weathering

The wearing down or breaking of rocks and minerals.
There are different types of weathering.

Physical Weathering

Drastic temperature changes (often occurring in dry deserts) can cause constant expansion and compression of rocks which may lead to cracks and eventually breakdown.
Frost wedging happens in cold, rainy places. Water seeps into a rock's crack and freezes. Due to freezing, the water turns into ice and expands. This enlarges the crack and can lead to the breaking of said rock.
In humid areas like Vietnam and Slovenia, rain droplets pick up carbon dioxide from the air and ground. When this comes in contact with certain rocks (mostly limestone) it dissolves, forming acidic water.

Chemical Weathering

Seawater dissolves material from the rock. This is mostly happening along limestone and chalk coasts when salt is dissolved.

Biological Weathering

When plants grow in cracks in rocks, they can make the crack bigger.
Roots can also cause biological weathering. Roots growing in different directions can lead to asphalt breaking.

Erosion

The transport of broken-down materials.
This often happens through agents such as water, ice, wind, and waves.
Agents are made mobile by gravity and gradient.

Water

Running water, like rivers, can easily pick up debris and transport it.

Waves

The repeated hitting of waves can wear cliffs down and transport the broken-off material at the same time.

Ice

Ice, mostly transported through glaciers, glides down mountains and picks up material on its way.

Deposition

The relocation of broken-down material.
The heavy material gets relocated first.

Moraines

Moraines are transported and deposited materials by a glacier.

Rivers

The river wears away and breaks down (erosion).
Rivers load materials such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt, and mud.

Processes of a River

Corrasion (abrasion): The river's load (sand and pebbles) are dragged along the river bed, wearing it away.
Attrition: Rocks knock together and wear away, becoming smaller and more rounded.
Saltation: Smaller pebbles are picked up and dropped again.
Bedload: Heavy material is carried along the bottom.
Solution: Rocks like limestone are dissolved by acid in rainwater.

Factors Affecting River Work

Velocity of the river: (energy) - The faster the river is, the larger material it can transport.
Volume of the water: The more water, the more volume.
The bedrock along the river: Hard rocks (granite) erode slowly, making the river bed smooth and round. Soft rocks (shale) erode faster.

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Description

Test your knowledge on exogenic forces and the processes of weathering. This quiz covers various types of weathering, including physical and chemical weathering, and their effects on rocks and minerals. Explore how external factors contribute to these geological processes.