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Questions and Answers
According to the ICF model, which intervention strategy focuses on restoring or enhancing a specific body function?
According to the ICF model, which intervention strategy focuses on restoring or enhancing a specific body function?
During high-intensity, short-duration activities, which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP production?
During high-intensity, short-duration activities, which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP production?
Creatine kinase plays a critical role in which of the following metabolic processes?
Creatine kinase plays a critical role in which of the following metabolic processes?
What is the net ATP production from glycolysis, excluding ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the net ATP production from glycolysis, excluding ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation?
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If glycolysis is proceeding at a high rate what end products would you expect to accumulate?
If glycolysis is proceeding at a high rate what end products would you expect to accumulate?
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A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a patient with limited shoulder range of motion. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate to address this impairment, according to the principles of therapeutic exercise?
A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a patient with limited shoulder range of motion. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate to address this impairment, according to the principles of therapeutic exercise?
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During a high-intensity weightlifting set lasting approximately 10 seconds, which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP regeneration?
During a high-intensity weightlifting set lasting approximately 10 seconds, which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP regeneration?
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A patient is performing a 400-meter sprint. Which energy system is the PRIMARY contributor to ATP production during this activity?
A patient is performing a 400-meter sprint. Which energy system is the PRIMARY contributor to ATP production during this activity?
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During prolonged, low-intensity exercise such as a long-distance walk, which substrate is primarily used by the oxidative system to produce ATP?
During prolonged, low-intensity exercise such as a long-distance walk, which substrate is primarily used by the oxidative system to produce ATP?
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A physical therapist is using the ICF model to guide their intervention strategy for a patient recovering from a stroke. Which of the following aspects of the patient's condition would be MOST directly addressed by focusing on the 'participation' component of the ICF model?
A physical therapist is using the ICF model to guide their intervention strategy for a patient recovering from a stroke. Which of the following aspects of the patient's condition would be MOST directly addressed by focusing on the 'participation' component of the ICF model?
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What is the primary role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?
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How many molecules of ATP are generated from one molecule of FADH2?
How many molecules of ATP are generated from one molecule of FADH2?
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Why is oxygen essential for the electron transport chain?
Why is oxygen essential for the electron transport chain?
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Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many molecules of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) are produced during the Krebs cycle?
Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many molecules of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) are produced during the Krebs cycle?
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During steady state exercise, what substrate shift typically occurs as intensity increases?
During steady state exercise, what substrate shift typically occurs as intensity increases?
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What role do NADH and FADH2 play in the Krebs cycle?
What role do NADH and FADH2 play in the Krebs cycle?
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What is the approximate net ATP production from the complete oxidation of one molecule of blood glucose via the oxidative system?
What is the approximate net ATP production from the complete oxidation of one molecule of blood glucose via the oxidative system?
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Why does muscle glycogen produce 39 ATP, while blood glucose produces 38 ATP during degradation?
Why does muscle glycogen produce 39 ATP, while blood glucose produces 38 ATP during degradation?
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Which energy system has the lowest ATP production capacity but the highest rate of ATP production?
Which energy system has the lowest ATP production capacity but the highest rate of ATP production?
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In order of ATP production capacity from highest to lowest, how would you rank fast glycolysis, oxidation of carbohydrates, phosphagen, and oxidation of proteins?
In order of ATP production capacity from highest to lowest, how would you rank fast glycolysis, oxidation of carbohydrates, phosphagen, and oxidation of proteins?
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What is not a typical component of the inflammatory response in tissues?
What is not a typical component of the inflammatory response in tissues?
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Tissue fibrosis, associated with tissue damage leads to which Tissue Cardinal Sign?
Tissue fibrosis, associated with tissue damage leads to which Tissue Cardinal Sign?
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What is the primary focus of interventions designed to improve, restore, or enhance physical function?
What is the primary focus of interventions designed to improve, restore, or enhance physical function?
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Which of the following factors would LEAST likely impede tissue healing?
Which of the following factors would LEAST likely impede tissue healing?
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During the subacute stage of tissue healing, what is the MOST appropriate focus for physical therapy intervention?
During the subacute stage of tissue healing, what is the MOST appropriate focus for physical therapy intervention?
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If an athlete is performing a long-duration, low-intensity activity, which metabolic process is primarily responsible for ATP production?
If an athlete is performing a long-duration, low-intensity activity, which metabolic process is primarily responsible for ATP production?
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Which of the following best describes the primary cellular activity during the fibroblastic repair phase of tissue healing?
Which of the following best describes the primary cellular activity during the fibroblastic repair phase of tissue healing?
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Which of the following best describes chronic inflammation?
Which of the following best describes chronic inflammation?
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During high-intensity exercise, which substrates are MOST likely to be depleted, and how are they typically replenished?
During high-intensity exercise, which substrates are MOST likely to be depleted, and how are they typically replenished?
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A clinician is treating a patient in the maturation/remodeling phase of tissue healing. What intervention would be MOST appropriate during this stage?
A clinician is treating a patient in the maturation/remodeling phase of tissue healing. What intervention would be MOST appropriate during this stage?
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Following an acute injury, PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation) is indicated to manage the injury. What is the PRIMARY goal of using ice (cryotherapy) in the acute stage?
Following an acute injury, PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation) is indicated to manage the injury. What is the PRIMARY goal of using ice (cryotherapy) in the acute stage?
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Which of the following best describes the role of creatine kinase in the phosphagen system?
Which of the following best describes the role of creatine kinase in the phosphagen system?
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During a 400-meter sprint, which energy system would be the MOST dominant in supplying ATP?
During a 400-meter sprint, which energy system would be the MOST dominant in supplying ATP?
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Which energy system is predominantly active during long-duration, low-intensity exercise such as a marathon?
Which energy system is predominantly active during long-duration, low-intensity exercise such as a marathon?
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What determines the predominant energy system used during physical activity?
What determines the predominant energy system used during physical activity?
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If an athlete performs a maximal burst activity lasting 10 seconds, which substrate is primarily utilized for ATP production?
If an athlete performs a maximal burst activity lasting 10 seconds, which substrate is primarily utilized for ATP production?
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Which of the following activities relies LEAST on the phosphagen system for energy production?
Which of the following activities relies LEAST on the phosphagen system for energy production?
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During glycolysis, what is the net ATP production when glycogen, rather than glucose, is the initial substrate?
During glycolysis, what is the net ATP production when glycogen, rather than glucose, is the initial substrate?
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How does the contribution of each energy system change as exercise transitions from high-intensity to low-intensity over time?
How does the contribution of each energy system change as exercise transitions from high-intensity to low-intensity over time?
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Flashcards
ATP
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
The process of breaking down carbohydrates to produce energy.
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.
Phosphagen System
Phosphagen System
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Energy Sources at Rest
Energy Sources at Rest
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Energy During Exercise
Energy During Exercise
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Anaerobic vs Aerobic
Anaerobic vs Aerobic
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Fast Glycolysis
Fast Glycolysis
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Oxidation of Carbohydrates
Oxidation of Carbohydrates
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Improving Physical Function
Improving Physical Function
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Hydrolysis of ATP
Hydrolysis of ATP
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Anaerobic Energy System
Anaerobic Energy System
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Therapeutic Exercise
Therapeutic Exercise
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Interventions Individualization
Interventions Individualization
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Oxidative System
Oxidative System
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Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
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NADH
NADH
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Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
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Creatine Kinase
Creatine Kinase
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ATP Yield from PC
ATP Yield from PC
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Anaerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic Glycolysis
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Glycogen
Glycogen
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Aerobic Oxidative System
Aerobic Oxidative System
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ATP Yield from Glycogen
ATP Yield from Glycogen
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Energy System Contribution
Energy System Contribution
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Substrate Depletion
Substrate Depletion
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Inflammatory Phase
Inflammatory Phase
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Fibroblastic Repair Phase
Fibroblastic Repair Phase
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Maturation/Remodeling Phase
Maturation/Remodeling Phase
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Acute Inflammation
Acute Inflammation
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Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
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Factors Impeding Healing
Factors Impeding Healing
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Study Notes
Bioenergetics and ATP
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy currency for muscle activity.
- ATP hydrolysis releases energy for biological work, catalyzed by ATPase.
- The breakdown of one ATP molecule to release energy requires one water molecule.
Energy Systems
-
Phosphagen System (Anaerobic):
- Rapid ATP production for short, high-intensity activities (e.g., sprinting, weightlifting).
- Utilizes creatine phosphate (CP).
- Simple one-enzyme reaction, does not require oxygen.
- Yields 1 ATP per PC molecule.
- Duration: 5-30 seconds.
-
Glycolysis (Anaerobic):
- Breaks down carbohydrates (glucose or glycogen) for ATP resynthesis.
- Dominant for activities lasting 30 seconds to 2-3 minutes.
- Produces pyruvate or lactate.
- Yields 2 ATP from glucose or 3 ATP from glycogen.
- Duration: 30 seconds to 2-3 minutes.
-
Oxidative System (Aerobic):
- Primary source of ATP at rest and during low-intensity activities.
- Utilizes carbohydrates, fats, and (minimally) protein.
- Occurs in the mitochondria.
- Yields ~38 ATP from one molecule of blood glucose or ~39 from muscle glycogen.
- Duration: >3 minutes.
Krebs Cycle
- Completes the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.
- Utilizes NAD+ and FAD as electron carriers.
- Produces 2 molecules of ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 when starting from one molecule of glucose
- Generates energy to be used in the electron transport chain to reform ATP.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
- Uses potential energy from reduced hydrogen carriers (NADH and FADH2) to rephosphorylate ADP to ATP.
- Series of electron carriers, known as cytochromes, are used.
- Oxygen is the final electron and hydrogen acceptor in the process.
- Results in the production of approximately 38 ATP molecules from the degradation of one glucose molecules.
Energy Production Capacity
- Different energy systems are used at different intensities and times.
- Phosphagen is used for short bursts of high intensity, glycolysis for intermediate activities.
- Oxidative phosphorylation is for sustained activities.
Fatigue and Phosphogens
- Depletion of phosphagens (creatine phosphate and ATP)
- Depletion of glycogen can lead to fatigue.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in exercise physiology, focusing on metabolic processes, energy systems, and therapeutic interventions. This quiz covers crucial topics such as ATP production, glycolysis, and exercise program design for rehabilitation. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the principles of exercise science.
