28 Questions
What is the primary function of VO2max in the human body?
Determining the amount of oxygen utilized in the muscles during maximal exercise
Which of the following changes occurs in the lungs of elderly individuals during expiration?
Lung collapse
What is the result of the increased ventilatory effort in older individuals during exercise?
Early fatigue and a higher rating of perceived exertion
What is the primary reason for the increased ventilatory effort in older individuals during exercise?
To compensate for the resultant acidosis
What is the effect of aging on the inspiratory muscle strength?
It decreases
What is one positive effect of exercise training on the lungs in older people?
Increase in minute ventilation
What happens to the heart's contractile strength with aging?
It gradually decreases
What is a change that occurs in blood vessels with aging?
They become less elastic
What happens to the maximal heart rate with aging?
It decreases
What is an effect of aging on the heart wall?
It becomes stiffer
What is the result of increased abdominal fat depot?
Metabolic abnormalities
What is the effect of aging on brain cells and neurons?
Decrease in number
What is the consequence of atherosclerosis in the brain?
Degenerative changes affecting mental function
What is the effect of aging on muscle fibers?
Decrease in number
What is the consequence of decreased dopamine in basal ganglia?
Symptoms of Parkinson's disease
What is the result of chronic illness and medication use in old age?
Reduced cognitive function
What should be the ideal temperature range when exercising older adults?
19.8°C to 22°C
What is the primary reason for the gradual decrease in bone density in older adults?
Decrease in osteoblast activity and normal osteoclast activity
What is the estimated rate of height loss per decade after the age of 40?
1 cm
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of osteoporosis?
Increase in bone mass
What percentage of muscle weakness and bone strength reduction is attributed to ↓ vit.D production?
75%
At what age does the height loss become more pronounced?
70 years old
What is the consequence of vertebral collapse?
Kyphosis and decreased body height
What is the effect of chondrocytes producing a slightly different form of gelatinous compound?
Increased stiffness and thickness of joints
What is the primary cause of loss of flexibility in small joints?
All of the above
What is the purpose of positioning in supine, side lying, and sitting in the prevention of contractures?
To promote correct joint alignment and reduce stiffness
What is the goal of passive stretching in the treatment of contractures?
To regain muscle fiber length
What is the benefit of deep frictional massage in the treatment of contractures?
To break down adhesions in tendons, muscles, fascia, or ligaments
This quiz covers the importance of considering age when treating individuals with exercises or thermal modalities, including temperature and humidity guidelines, and the effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system, such as osteoporosis, flexibility, and strength. It's essential for healthcare professionals to understand these factors to provide safe and effective treatment. Learn more about exercising safely with older adults and the impact of aging on the musculoskeletal system.
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