29 Questions
What is the principal pigment of bile?
Bilirubin
How is bilirubin transported to the liver?
Through receptor-mediated endocytosis
Where does the breakdown of RBCs occur?
Spleen
What is the iron-binding component in hemoglobin?
Heme
What enzyme reduces biliverdin to bilirubin?
Biliverdin reductase
What should be the normal levels of total bilirubin in the serum of a healthy adult?
0.2-1.0 mg/dL
What is the approximate amount of blood that passes through the liver per minute?
1,500 mL
Which two blood supplies merge into the hepatic sinusoid?
Hepatic artery, portal vein
What is the upper limit normal for total bilirubin
1.0-1.5 mg/dL
Which cells line the hepatic sinusoid?
Kupffer cells
How is the liver divided by the falciform ligament?
Into right and left lobes
Which type of cells in the liver are derived from monocytes?
Kupffer cells
What is the main function of stellate cells in the liver?
Regulate liver blood flow
Which cells in the liver are responsible for clearance of antigen-antibody complexes in venous blood?
Kupffer cells
What is the composition of portal triads in the liver?
Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct
Which cells make up approximately 80% of the liver volume and perform most liver functions?
Hepatocytes
What is the role of oval cells in the liver?
Involved in regeneration after injury
What do Kupffer cells contain that helps in phagocytosis and breakdown of foreign substances?
Lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes
Where do the intrahepatic ducts drain the excretory products of the cell?
Into the common bile duct
What is the function of the hepatic artery in the liver?
Provides oxygen-rich blood to the liver
Which blood vessel supplies approximately 75% of the total blood supply to the liver?
Portal vein
What is the final structure formed by the merging of right and left hepatic ducts?
Common bile duct
In the excretory system of the liver, where does the cystic duct join to form a larger structure?
Common bile duct
Which form of bilirubin can cross the blood-brain barrier?
Unconjugated bilirubin
Which form of bilirubin is water-soluble and can appear in urine?
Direct bilirubin
Which fraction of bilirubin has a half-life of about 17-20 days?
Delta bilirubin
Which form of bilirubin can be transformed to the cis form upon exposure to light?
Indirect bilirubin
Which form of bilirubin requires an accelerator to react with diazo reagent?
Indirect bilirubin
Which form of bilirubin is bound to albumin and not readily filtered by the glomerulus?
Delta bilirubin
Explore the microscopic anatomy of the liver's excretory system, focusing on lobules, portal triads, and hepatocytes. Learn about the functional units and structures responsible for the liver's metabolic and excretory functions.
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