Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name the four abdominal quadrants
Name the four abdominal quadrants
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Which quadrant is the liver located?
Which quadrant is the liver located?
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Name the nine abdominal regions.
Name the nine abdominal regions.
Right Hypochondrium, Epigastrium, Left Hypochondrium, Right Lumbar Region, Umbilical Region, Left Lumbar Region, Right Iliac Fossa, Hypogastrium, Left Iliac Fossa
Which region is the liver located?
Which region is the liver located?
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The liver lies ____ to the diaphragm.
The liver lies ____ to the diaphragm.
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Name the two coverings of the liver.
Name the two coverings of the liver.
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The Peritoneum is a ____ layer covering the liver.
The Peritoneum is a ____ layer covering the liver.
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The _____ area is one area that doesn't have peritoneum.
The _____ area is one area that doesn't have peritoneum.
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What is the Glisson capsule?
What is the Glisson capsule?
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The liver is the _____ organ in the body.
The liver is the _____ organ in the body.
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The liver lies _____ to the diaphragm.
The liver lies _____ to the diaphragm.
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What are 5 primary functions of the liver?
What are 5 primary functions of the liver?
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The liver is made up of many ______ _____, which are hexagonal in shape and consist of hepatocytes.
The liver is made up of many ______ _____, which are hexagonal in shape and consist of hepatocytes.
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Hepatocytes produce ______.
Hepatocytes produce ______.
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Hepatic lobules contain _____ veins in the middle.
Hepatic lobules contain _____ veins in the middle.
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Hepatic lobules contain ____ ____ along each of its 6 sides.
Hepatic lobules contain ____ ____ along each of its 6 sides.
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How many lobes does the liver have? Name each.
How many lobes does the liver have? Name each.
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What divides the Right and Left lobes?
What divides the Right and Left lobes?
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Anatomically the caudate and quadrate lobes belong to the _____ lobe of the liver.
Anatomically the caudate and quadrate lobes belong to the _____ lobe of the liver.
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Functionally the caudate and quadrate lobes belong to the ____ lobe of the liver.
Functionally the caudate and quadrate lobes belong to the ____ lobe of the liver.
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The Right lobe is the ____ of the four lobes.
The Right lobe is the ____ of the four lobes.
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The Right lobe occupies the ____ ____ ____ or ____ ____.
The Right lobe occupies the ____ ____ ____ or ____ ____.
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Reidel's lobe is an _____ extension of the Right posterior lobe.
Reidel's lobe is an _____ extension of the Right posterior lobe.
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The Left lobe lies in the _____ region and left _____ regions.
The Left lobe lies in the _____ region and left _____ regions.
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The Caudate lobe is in the _____ surface of the liver.
The Caudate lobe is in the _____ surface of the liver.
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The Caudate lobe sits next to the _____.
The Caudate lobe sits next to the _____.
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The Caudate lobe comes from the Latin word meaning _____.
The Caudate lobe comes from the Latin word meaning _____.
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The Quadrate lobe is in the _____ surface of the liver.
The Quadrate lobe is in the _____ surface of the liver.
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The Quadrate lobe sits next to the _____.
The Quadrate lobe sits next to the _____.
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The four lobes of the liver are divided into _____ and ____ segments.
The four lobes of the liver are divided into _____ and ____ segments.
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The Intersegmental Segment ______.
The Intersegmental Segment ______.
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The Intrasegmental Segment ______.
The Intrasegmental Segment ______.
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What are fissures?
What are fissures?
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The right intersegmental fissure divides the right lobe of the liver into an ____ and a _____ segment.
The right intersegmental fissure divides the right lobe of the liver into an ____ and a _____ segment.
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The left intersegmental fissure divides the left lobe of the liver into a _____ and a _____ segment.
The left intersegmental fissure divides the left lobe of the liver into a _____ and a _____ segment.
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The Main Lobar Fissure divides the _____ and _____ lobes of the liver.
The Main Lobar Fissure divides the _____ and _____ lobes of the liver.
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It appears as a thin hypoechoic line from the _____ vein to the _____.
It appears as a thin hypoechoic line from the _____ vein to the _____.
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The Ligamentum Venosum separates the _____ lobe from the _____ lobe.
The Ligamentum Venosum separates the _____ lobe from the _____ lobe.
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The Coronary Ligaments attach the _____ to the _____.
The Coronary Ligaments attach the _____ to the _____.
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The Right and Left Triangular Ligaments attach the _____ and _____ borders to the diaphragm.
The Right and Left Triangular Ligaments attach the _____ and _____ borders to the diaphragm.
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Ligaments are ____ of white fibrous tissue, or ____ of peritoneal covering that aid in _____ organs in place.
Ligaments are ____ of white fibrous tissue, or ____ of peritoneal covering that aid in _____ organs in place.
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Name the ligaments related to the liver.
Name the ligaments related to the liver.
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The Falciform Ligament extends from the _____ to the _____ and contains the _____ _____.
The Falciform Ligament extends from the _____ to the _____ and contains the _____ _____.
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It divides the _____ and _____ lobes of the liver.
It divides the _____ and _____ lobes of the liver.
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The Ligamentum Teres (umbilical vein) divides the _____ and _____ segments of the _____ lobe of the liver.
The Ligamentum Teres (umbilical vein) divides the _____ and _____ segments of the _____ lobe of the liver.
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The Ligamentum Venosum (ductus venosus) separates the _____ lobe from the _____ lobe of the liver.
The Ligamentum Venosum (ductus venosus) separates the _____ lobe from the _____ lobe of the liver.
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The Coronary Ligaments attach the liver to the _____.
The Coronary Ligaments attach the liver to the _____.
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The Right and Left Triangular Ligaments attach the _____ and _____ borders of the liver to the _____.
The Right and Left Triangular Ligaments attach the _____ and _____ borders of the liver to the _____.
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Name the three Hepatic Veins.
Name the three Hepatic Veins.
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The right, middle, and left hepatic veins drain blood from the liver to the _____ and are best visualized in _____.
The right, middle, and left hepatic veins drain blood from the liver to the _____ and are best visualized in _____.
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The right hepatic vein is the _____ of the three hepatic veins.
The right hepatic vein is the _____ of the three hepatic veins.
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It divides the right lobe of the liver into _____ and ____ segments.
It divides the right lobe of the liver into _____ and ____ segments.
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The right hepatic vein is located in the right _____ fissure.
The right hepatic vein is located in the right _____ fissure.
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The middle hepatic vein divides the liver into _____ and ____ lobes.
The middle hepatic vein divides the liver into _____ and ____ lobes.
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The middle hepatic vein is located in the _____ _____ fissure.
The middle hepatic vein is located in the _____ _____ fissure.
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The left hepatic vein divides the left lobe of the liver into ____ and ____ segments.
The left hepatic vein divides the left lobe of the liver into ____ and ____ segments.
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The left hepatic vein is located in the left _____ fissure.
The left hepatic vein is located in the left _____ fissure.
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The liver receives double blood supply.
The liver receives double blood supply.
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The hepatic arterial blood is _____ rich.
The hepatic arterial blood is _____ rich.
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The portal venous blood is _____ rich.
The portal venous blood is _____ rich.
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The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the _____ tract and _____ to the liver.
The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the _____ tract and _____ to the liver.
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The liver receives about _____ percent of its blood through the hepatic portal vein.
The liver receives about _____ percent of its blood through the hepatic portal vein.
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The remaining percent comes from the hepatic _____ proper.
The remaining percent comes from the hepatic _____ proper.
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Portal veins become _____ as they progress through the liver.
Portal veins become _____ as they progress through the liver.
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Portal veins supply 1/2 of _____ to the liver.
Portal veins supply 1/2 of _____ to the liver.
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Every liver sonogram should include:
Every liver sonogram should include:
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Name the Parenchymal Organ Echogenicities from lowest to highest.
Name the Parenchymal Organ Echogenicities from lowest to highest.
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Study Notes
Abdominal Quadrants and Liver Regions
- Four abdominal quadrants: Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ).
- Liver's primary location is in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ).
- Nine abdominal regions: Right Hypochondrium, Epigastrium, Left Hypochondrium, Right Lumbar Region, Umbilical Region, Left Lumbar Region, Right Iliac Fossa, Hypogastrium, Left Iliac Fossa.
- The liver also spans the Right Hypochondrium, Left Hypochondrium, and Epigastric regions.
Liver Anatomy
- The liver lies inferior to the diaphragm and covers it like a shawl.
- The liver is the largest organ in the body and sits inferior to the diaphragm.
- Two coverings of the liver: Peritoneum (double layer) and Glisson capsule (fibroelastic connective tissue).
Peritoneum and Other Structures
- The visceral layer of the peritoneum contacts the liver, while the parietal layer touches the abdominal wall.
- The liver has a "bare area" without peritoneum exposure.
- Glisson capsule provides the liver with reflective properties.
Liver Lobes
- The liver consists of four lobes: Right lobe, Left lobe, Caudate lobe, and Quadrate lobe.
- The Falciform Ligament, Middle Hepatic Vein, and Main Lobar Fissure delineate the Right and Left lobes.
- Caudate and Quadrate lobes: Anatomically part of the Right lobe, functionally belong to the Left lobe.
Liver Functionality
- The Right lobe is the largest, occupies the Right Upper Quadrant and Right Hypochondrium.
- Reidels lobe is an inferior extension of the Right lobe and presents as a bulge of tissue.
- The Left lobe is located in the Epigastric and Left Hypochondrium regions.
Hepatic Lobules and Blood Supply
- Hepatic lobules are hexagonal structures made of hepatocytes, which produce bile.
- Each lobule contains central veins and portal triads (bile duct, hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery).
- The liver receives blood supply from two sources: hepatic artery (oxygen-rich) and hepatic portal vein (nutrient-rich).
Ligaments Related to the Liver
- Important ligaments: Falciform Ligament, Ligamentum Teres, Ligamentum Venosum, Coronary Ligaments, Right and Left Triangular Ligaments.
- The Falciform Ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm and contains the Ligamentum Teres.
Segmental Division of the Liver
- Liver lobes are segmented into intersegmental (separate) and intrasegmental (invades) divisions.
- Intersegmental fissures divide lobes into anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral sections.
Imaging and Echogenicity
- Liver sonograms should assess size, texture, echogenicity, contour, and vascular structures.
- Parenchymal organ echogenicity ranked from lowest to highest includes renal medulla, renal cortex, liver, spleen, pancreas, and renal sinus/retro fat.
Hepatic Veins
- Three hepatic veins: Right, Middle, and Left Hepatic Vein.
- Right hepatic vein is the largest, dividing the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments.
- Middle and Left hepatic veins further divide the liver into distinct lobe sections.
Functional Importance of the Liver
- The liver performs over 500 functions including bile production, metabolism of nutrients, enzyme activation, storage of glycogen and vitamins, and blood detoxification.
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Description
Test your knowledge on abdominal quadrants, liver regions, and liver anatomy. This quiz covers the four main quadrants, the liver's location, and its protective coverings. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of human anatomy.
