Exam Preparation for Chapters 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12

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Questions and Answers

What do cell means and marginal means indicate in a factorial design?

  • Overall averages across all conditions and averages for each condition respectively (correct)
  • Scores for the highest and lowest groups respectively
  • Averages for a single condition and total sample size
  • Individual scores and overall averages respectively

In what way do between-groups designs differ from within-groups designs?

  • Within-groups designs only allow for simple main effects
  • Each participant experiences all conditions in within-groups (correct)
  • Participants are assigned to multiple conditions in both
  • Only between-groups designs can show interaction effects

Which type of graph is most commonly used to depict interactions in a factorial design?

  • Bar graph
  • Line graph (correct)
  • Histogram
  • Pie chart

What does the interaction effect in a factorial design indicate?

<p>The effects of one factor depend on the level of the other factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does outlier data impact the mean in a dataset?

<p>It skews the mean and can greatly alter its value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In regression analysis, what does the squared correlation coefficient (r²) represent?

<p>The proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does partial correlation help to address?

<p>The correlation between two variables ignoring all others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines when to use the median as a measure of central tendency?

<p>When the dataset has extreme values or outliers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should students bring to the exam?

<p>ID, pencil, eraser, and pen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chapters are included in the exam content?

<p>Chapters 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT allowed during the exam?

<p>Using electronics such as calculators (C), Having discussions with peers about questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How will the exam be administered?

<p>In the regular lecture space only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many short answer questions can students expect on the exam?

<p>3-4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is recommended for understanding concepts for the exam?

<p>Explaining concepts to someone outside of the course (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the majority of the multiple choice questions be based on?

<p>The textbook, with some overlap with lectures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the study guide suggest about using online resource questions as an indicator of exam performance?

<p>Consistent low scores indicate the need for more studying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between reliability and validity in research?

<p>Reliability measures consistency, while validity assesses accuracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of construct validity?

<p>Descriptive validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In survey research, which is a common problem with survey questions?

<p>Leading questions that influence respondent answers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a factorial design represent, such as a 2x3 design?

<p>Two levels of one independent variable and three levels of another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an effect that can occur when the independent variable is too strong in an experiment?

<p>Floor effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement scale is characterized by ordered categories with a true zero point?

<p>Ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a key consideration when writing survey questions?

<p>Complexity to gain detailed responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes reactivity in research?

<p>Alteration of behavior due to the presence of the researcher. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent from research participants?

<p>To respect the autonomy of participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core principle of research ethics regarding human participants?

<p>Transparency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might a researcher choose to use deception in a study?

<p>When it is essential for reducing bias in participant responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Research Ethics Board (REB) in a university setting?

<p>To ensure ethical standards are upheld in research studies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the principle of justice in research ethics?

<p>All individuals should have an equal chance to participate and benefit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Concern for Welfare' principle prioritize in research involving human participants?

<p>Minimizing the risks and maximizing the benefits for participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'three Rs' in the context of good animal research practices?

<p>Refinement, Replacement, Reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary to debrief participants in a research study?

<p>Only if the study involved deception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

PSYC 217 Midterm Details

The PSYC 217 midterm exam is 80 minutes long, covers material from Chapters 3, 5, 7 (p.25-36), 9, 11, and 12, and includes multiple-choice and short answer questions. It will be administered in the regular lecture space during class time.

Exam Rules and Expectations

The exam is closed book, meaning no textbooks, notes, electronics, calculators, or dictionaries are allowed. Students are expected to write the exam independently and should raise their hand if they have any questions or uncertainties.

Exam Content Focus

The exam will primarily focus on understanding concepts and applying them to novel examples. The review questions at the end of each chapter and "Deepen Your Understanding" questions are good resources for practicing these skills.

Exam Preparation Materials

Understanding the material from lectures, slides and the textbook is crucial for exam success. While discussion forum content won't be tested, i>clicker questions provide valuable practice.

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Testing Your Knowledge

A good way to assess your understanding is to explain the concepts to someone not taking the course. If they understand your explanation, you likely have a good grasp on the material.

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Question Formats

The exam will consist mostly of multiple-choice questions drawn from the textbook, with a few multiple-choice questions on materials specifically presented in lecture. Short answer questions will also be assessed.

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Multiple Choice Question Format

The answer choices for multiple-choice questions will have 5 options each, with the best option being the correct answer. Students must respond on both the exam booklet and scantron sheet using pencil.

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Accessibility Accommodations

Students with registered accommodations through the Centre for Accessibility should write the exam in their designated space, provided they book the exam at least 7 days in advance.

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Respect for Persons

The ethical principle that emphasizes treating research participants with dignity and respect, including their right to make informed decisions about participation.

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Informed Consent

A process where potential participants are provided with clear and comprehensive information about a research study to enable them to make a voluntary decision about whether or not to participate.

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Concern for Welfare

The ethical principle that centers on minimizing potential harm and maximizing potential benefits for research participants.

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Justice

The ethical principle that emphasizes fairness and equity in research, ensuring that benefits and burdens are distributed justly among participants.

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Research Ethics Board (REB)

A group that reviews research proposals involving human participants to ensure ethical guidelines are met.

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Deception in Research

A form of research where participants are not aware of the true hypothesis being investigated.

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Debriefing

A process where researchers explain the true nature of the study to participants after they have completed their involvement.

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Three Rs of Good Animal Practice

A set of ethical principles and guidelines for conducting research using animals, focusing on minimizing animal suffering and promoting their welfare.

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Factorial Design

A study involving two or more independent variables, allowing researchers to examine the effects of each variable and their combined impact on the dependent variable.

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Reliability

A measure's consistency and stability over time. It assesses the degree to which scores remain consistent across repeated administrations.

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Validity

Indicates the extent to which a measure accurately assesses the specific concept or construct it aims to measure.

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Face Validity

The extent to which a measure appears, on the surface, to be assessing the intended construct.

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Content Validity

The degree to which a measure accurately reflects the entire domain or content area it aims to assess.

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Predictive Validity

Describes the ability of a measure to predict future performance or behavior.

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Convergent Validity

The degree to which the scores on a measure correlate with scores on other measures that are known to assess the same or similar constructs.

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Discriminant Validity

The degree to which scores on a measure are uncorrelated with scores on other measures that assess different constructs.

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What are cell means?

In a factorial design, cell means represent the average score for participants in a specific combination of independent variable levels.

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What are marginal means?

Marginal means represent the average score across all participants at a specific level of a single independent variable, ignoring the other variables.

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What is a main effect?

A main effect occurs when the average score for one level of an independent variable is significantly different from the average score for another level of the same variable, regardless of the other variables.

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What is an interaction?

An interaction occurs when the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable depends on the level of the other independent variable.

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Explain a between-groups factorial design

In a between-groups factorial design, participants are randomly assigned to only one condition, with each participant experiencing only a single combination of independent variable levels.

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Explain a within-groups factorial design

In a within-groups factorial design, all participants experience every combination of independent variable levels. This means they are exposed to all conditions of the study.

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Explain a mixed factorial design

A mixed factorial design combines elements of both between-groups and within-groups designs. Participants experience all levels of one or more factors but only one level of other factors.

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What is a simple main effect?

Simple main effects examine the effect of one independent variable at a specific level of the other independent variable. It basically looks at the effect of one factor 'sliced' across the levels of the other.

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Study Notes

Exam Details

  • Exam is 80 minutes long, available during class time (9:30-10:50am PST and 11:00-12:20pm PST).
  • Arrive before the exam start time.
  • Exam will be held in the regular lecture space.
  • Bring ID, pencil, eraser, pen.
  • Chapters 3, 5, 7 (pages 25-36), 9, 11, and 12 are examinable.
  • All materials (lectures, slides, textbook) are examinable unless specified otherwise.
  • Discussion forum content is not examinable.
  • Approximately 30-35 multiple choice/fill-in-the-blank and 3-4 short answer questions.
  • Closed book exam: no textbooks, notes, electronics, calculators, or dictionaries.

General Notes

  • Students are expected to complete the exam independently.
  • Ask questions if unsure.
  • Understand concepts and be able to explain them to someone else.
  • Review i>clicker questions.
  • Review end-of-chapter review questions.
  • Review end-of-chapter "Deepen Your Understanding" questions, if available.
  • Online resources (if available through Connect Access) can be used for self-testing but doing well on the online questions does not guarantee exam success.
  • Examinees who require accommodations should contact Centre for Accessibility at least 7 days in advance.

Multiple Choice

  • Primarily from the textbook (may overlap with lecture).
  • Some questions may focus on material presented only in lecture.
  • Five response options per question; select the best answer.
  • Respond on both exam booklet and scantron.
  • Use pencil.
  • No extra time for scantron completion.
  • Bubble answers during the exam.
  • Try to answer multiple choice questions before looking at options; mark incorrect option choices.
  • Guess if unsure; no penalty for incorrect answers.

Short Answer Tips

  • Study concepts that can be compared or contrasted.
  • Be able to describe and provide an example of major terms or concepts.
  • Be able to apply concepts to new examples.

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