Study Guide 5 for Midterm Exam

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Questions and Answers

Consider the following cells - will the events listed occur? Match the events with the correct answers.

Occurs in eukaryotic cells, but not prokaryotic cells = A Occurs in prokaryotic cells, but not eukaryotic cells = B Occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells = H Does not occur in cells = J The cell will need to be in a hypertonic environment for this process to work = L The cell will need to be in a hypotonic environment for this process to work = M The cell will need to be in an isotonic environment for this process to work = K Requires all living organisms to survive = F

The phospholipid structure of the cell membrane can regulate the movement of polar molecules.

True

The cell membrane can only allow the free passage of nonpolar molecules.

True

The cell membrane is impermeable to the transport of some water-soluble molecules.

True Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane plays an important role in cell communication.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cholesterol is a major component of the membrane with an important role in membrane fluidity.

True Signup and view all the answers

Transmembrane proteins help with the transport of molecules across the membrane.

True Signup and view all the answers

Consider the following energy stores - match them with the correct terms.

Stored within the chemical bonds of molecules = A Stored within the movement of molecules = B Stored within the position of an object = C The stored energy of molecules that have been broken down = D Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Organisms that derive their required energy from the oxidation of organic compounds are classified as:

Heterotrophs Signup and view all the answers

Match the organelle description with the correct organelle.

Comprised primarily of lipids = A System containing many rough ER and smooth ER = B Found within the mitochondria = G Contains a large number of cell enzymes = D Central structure of the cell, containing the cell's DNA = F Contains the cell's chromosomes = F System of membranes containing ribosomes = B Network of interconnected sacs and tubules = B The site of ATP synthesis = G Storage and modification of products of the ER = C Breakdown of cellular debris = D Contains its own DNA = G Signup and view all the answers

What would the cells in water algae most likely be engaged in?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Select the strengths of the three bonds:

Strongest chemical bond, stable = A Weak bond, important in the formation of the structure of DNA and amino acids = B Weak bond, important in the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes = C Weak bond, important in water molecules = D Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a hormone?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Quiz Instructions

Prepare for the midterm by reviewing the textbook and PowerPoint materials.
Reread content multiple times for better retention of definitions, diagrams, and relationships.

Cell Events and Types

Eukaryotic cells engage in processes such as protein synthesis and Krebs cycle.
Prokaryotic cells primarily perform glycolysis and some types of cellular respiration.
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells conduct cellular respiration.
Hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic environments influence specific cellular processes like osmosis and diffusion.

Cell Membrane Characteristics

Phospholipid structure of the cell membrane regulates polar molecule movement.
The membrane restricts passage of water-soluble molecules while allowing nonpolar molecules to pass freely.
Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity.
Transmembrane proteins facilitate molecular transport across the membrane.

Energy Storage Types

Chemical energy is stored in molecular bonds.
Kinetic energy involves the movement of molecules.
Potential energy is associated with the position of objects.
Mechanical energy includes stored energy from broken-down molecules.

Photosynthesis Products

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen.
Glucose is synthesized during the light-independent reactions.

Energy Classification of Organisms

Chemotrophs derive energy from oxidizing organic compounds.
Heterotrophs consume organic material for energy.

Cellular Structures

Cell structures include the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid, ribosomes, and flagella.

Organelle Functions

Organelle descriptions include:
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum primarily consists of lipids.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- Mitochondria produce ATP by harnessing energy.
- Lysosomes breakdown cellular debris.
- Nucleus stores DNA and cell chromosomes.
- Golgi apparatus modifies and exports ER products.

Algal Cell Functions

Algal cells in water are primarily engaged in photosynthesis.

Bond Strengths

Covalent bonds are the strongest and most stable.
Ionic bonds play a crucial role in DNA and amino acid structure.
Hydrogen bonds are weak but essential in enzyme-substrate complex formation and occur in water molecules.

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Description

Prepare effectively for your midterm exam with Study Guide 5. This quiz guide emphasizes reviewing textbook materials and power points, ensuring a solid understanding of key concepts and diagrams. Engage in repetitive study methods to enhance retention and readiness for the exam.