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Questions and Answers
What could lead to hyperkalemia in the body?
What could lead to hyperkalemia in the body?
What is the primary consequence of imbalances in extracellular electrolytes?
What is the primary consequence of imbalances in extracellular electrolytes?
Which of the following describes a hypotonic fluid?
Which of the following describes a hypotonic fluid?
Which buffer system is NOT one of the three primary systems used to regulate physiologic pH?
Which buffer system is NOT one of the three primary systems used to regulate physiologic pH?
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What primarily happens when ventilation is impaired?
What primarily happens when ventilation is impaired?
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What should students do if they finish the test early?
What should students do if they finish the test early?
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What is prohibited immediately after the test?
What is prohibited immediately after the test?
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What is necessary for students with accommodations?
What is necessary for students with accommodations?
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What is the primary purpose of the exam?
What is the primary purpose of the exam?
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What should students remember regarding technical difficulties on test day?
What should students remember regarding technical difficulties on test day?
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Which condition is characterized by impaired ventilation and can lead to hypoxemia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia?
Which condition is characterized by impaired ventilation and can lead to hypoxemia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia?
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What is the primary effect of impaired ventilation-perfusion matching?
What is the primary effect of impaired ventilation-perfusion matching?
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Which of the following conditions results from alterations in cardiac output?
Which of the following conditions results from alterations in cardiac output?
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What is the role of the cardiac cycle in the circulatory system?
What is the role of the cardiac cycle in the circulatory system?
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Which clinical model is directly associated with impaired circulation?
Which clinical model is directly associated with impaired circulation?
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How can impaired ventilation and diffusion primarily be measured?
How can impaired ventilation and diffusion primarily be measured?
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What changes can altered perfusion lead to in terms of tissue demand?
What changes can altered perfusion lead to in terms of tissue demand?
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Which intervention is commonly used to treat impaired ventilation and diffusion?
Which intervention is commonly used to treat impaired ventilation and diffusion?
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What should be the primary approach to studying for the test?
What should be the primary approach to studying for the test?
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What is emphasized as a critical thinking skill when answering test questions?
What is emphasized as a critical thinking skill when answering test questions?
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Which of the following is least likely to help when preparing for scenarios on the test?
Which of the following is least likely to help when preparing for scenarios on the test?
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What advice is given regarding memorization?
What advice is given regarding memorization?
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What does the content suggest about the arrangement of the room during the test?
What does the content suggest about the arrangement of the room during the test?
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Why is it important to understand why diseases and symptoms occur?
Why is it important to understand why diseases and symptoms occur?
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When preparing for the exam, what is suggested regarding technological devices?
When preparing for the exam, what is suggested regarding technological devices?
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What is a key aspect to focus on while reviewing core concepts?
What is a key aspect to focus on while reviewing core concepts?
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Study Notes
Exam 2 Review - NUR 235 Fall 2024
- Chapters Covered: 8, 9, 15, 16 of the Applied Pathophysiology textbook (4th edition).
Chapter 8: Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
- Electrolyte Values: Expected (normal) extracellular electrolyte values are crucial. Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium) have specific causes (vomiting, diarrhea, renal failure) which impact cells and tissues.
- Fluid Movement: Fluid movement in and out of cells, tissues, and circulation (e.g., nephrons) is a key concept.
- Fluid Intake/Excretion: Regulation of fluid intake and excretion for balance is critical. Conditions like hypovolemia, hemorrhage, dehydration, water intoxication, and hypervolemia/edema are important to understand.
- Fluid Types: Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic are relevant fluid types.
Chapter 9: Altered Acid-Base Balance
- Physiological pH: Maintaining physiologic pH is vital for cellular function.
- Buffer Systems: The body uses 3 buffer systems to maintain pH within a range.
- Metabolic Acidosis: Models, signs and symptoms, tests, and treatment aspects need review.
Chapter 15: Altered Ventilation and Diffusion
- Ventilation Process: Understanding the mechanics of inspiration and expiration.
- Diffusion Process: The exchange of gasses (O2 and CO2) is essential.
- Impaired Ventilation/Diffusion: Consequences of impaired processes (hypoxemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia).
- Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch: Understanding the concept and consequences.
- Models: COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis) are models to focus on. Models also include conditions such as impaired circulation, altered cardiac output, ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
Chapter 16: Altered Perfusion
- Perfusion Pathway: Path from ventilation to perfusion, including pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems (pathway).
- Circulatory System: Cardiac function and the entire circulatory system are pertinent.
General Study Advice
- Diverse Resources: Utilize textbook, notes, pre-lecture materials, class discussions, and Brightspace videos.
- PowerPoint Supplement: PowerPoint slides should be complemented with textbook and class notes.
- Core Concepts: Focus on the basic foundational concepts (cell response, inflammation, repair, infection).
- Real Diagnoses: Learn the pathophysiology, symptoms, tests, and treatment of provided exam examples of real diagnoses,
- Understanding Why: Don’t just memorize, understand why diseases occur, WHY symptoms occur, and why tests and treatments are employed.
- Critical Thinking: Be prepared for questions that require applying medical knowledge in critical scenarios.
- Exam Format: Be aware that the exam covers 40 questions in 1 hour, the instructions regarding prior notice of accommodations for exam participation (e.g. special needs for time accommodation), and important tips for exam preparation (e.g. quiet exam seating arrangements).
- Academic Honesty: Understanding the exam guidelines and academic dishonesty policies.
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Description
Prepare for your NUR 235 Exam 2 with this review quiz covering chapters 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the Applied Pathophysiology textbook. Dive into topics like fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and the physiological implications of these concepts on health. Test your knowledge and ensure you're ready for your exam!
