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What type of bird exhibits a robust D- III, foreshortened distal phalanges with shorter, subequally sized lateral digits?
What type of bird exhibits a robust D- III, foreshortened distal phalanges with shorter, subequally sized lateral digits?
Which group of animals shows a trend where D-IV becomes especially elongated, distal non-ungual phalanges are more elongated, and D-II becomes hyperextensible?
Which group of animals shows a trend where D-IV becomes especially elongated, distal non-ungual phalanges are more elongated, and D-II becomes hyperextensible?
What benefit does elongation of the metatarsus provide for cursorial birds?
What benefit does elongation of the metatarsus provide for cursorial birds?
Why do owls have greater force production compared to accipitrids?
Why do owls have greater force production compared to accipitrids?
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Which group of birds has an elongate metatarsus that grants them better ability to snatch prey?
Which group of birds has an elongate metatarsus that grants them better ability to snatch prey?
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What is the main difference in the pedal digits between cursorially adapted dinosaur taxa and basal Avialae?
What is the main difference in the pedal digits between cursorially adapted dinosaur taxa and basal Avialae?
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What type of metatarsus is present in basal troodontids?
What type of metatarsus is present in basal troodontids?
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Which group specialized towards grasping strength at the expense of speed?
Which group specialized towards grasping strength at the expense of speed?
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What type of interphalangeal articulations are indicative of low torsional stresses?
What type of interphalangeal articulations are indicative of low torsional stresses?
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In which group are all interphalangeal articulations strongly ginglymoid?
In which group are all interphalangeal articulations strongly ginglymoid?
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What type of interphalangeal articulations are present in derived troodontids suggesting adaptation for torsional resistance?
What type of interphalangeal articulations are present in derived troodontids suggesting adaptation for torsional resistance?
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What is the main weight-bearing digit in cursorial ratites and ornithomimids?
What is the main weight-bearing digit in cursorial ratites and ornithomimids?
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