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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of behavior according to evolutionary psychology?
What concept describes the competition between members of one sex for access to the opposite sex?
What is the term for similarities among species resulting from common ancestry?
In the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, what is considered the unit of selection?
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Which of the following best describes the reason that one sex becomes more selective about mating?
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What does 'analogy' refer to in the context of cross-species comparisons?
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What process involves random shuffling of genes during genetic variation?
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What is a key implication of parental investment theory in mating behavior?
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Study Notes
Evolutionary Psychology
- Darwin’s Influence: Charles Darwin published "The Origin of Species" in 1859, establishing the framework for evolutionary psychology.
- Behavior’s Primary Goal: Reproduction is central to behavior across all species.
- Common Ancestry: All species share a common ancestry, explaining biological similarities.
- Adaptation to Environments: Species differ based on adaptations that enable survival in specific environments.
Selection Mechanisms
- Natural Selection: Influences reproductive success through environmental factors like food supply and mate attraction.
- Artificial Selection: Involves human-led efforts, such as selective breeding for desired traits.
Sexual Selection
- Definition: Focuses on traits developed for successful mating rather than survival.
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Types of Sexual Selection:
- Intrasexual Competition: Members of one sex compete for access to the opposite sex.
- Intersexual Competition: One sex selects mates based on desirable traits.
Theory of Evolution
- Modern Synthesis: Integrates Darwin’s ideas with genetics, emphasizing genes as the unit of selection.
- Genetic Variation: Results from random gene shuffling during meiosis and mutations during DNA replication.
Cross-Species Comparisons
- Homology: Similarities due to common ancestry, exemplified by smiling in chimpanzees and humans.
- Analogy: Similar traits evolved independently through convergent evolution, such as wings in birds and bats.
Parental Investment Theory
- Sex Differences in Investment: Males and females differ in the biological investment required for offspring.
- Mate Selection: The sex that invests more in offspring tends to be more selective in choosing mates, leading to "choosiness."
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of evolutionary psychology, focusing on Charles Darwin's groundbreaking work, 'The Origin of Species'. Participants will discover how behavior is influenced by the primary goal of reproduction and how species share common ancestry while adapting to their environments.
