Evolutionary Biology Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which term describes the similarity not due to common ancestry?

  • Homoplasy (correct)
  • Convergence
  • Homology
  • Polyphyly
  • What is the term used to describe gain of new, similar features independently?

  • Convergence (correct)
  • Polyphyly
  • Homology
  • Homoplasy
  • Why can homoplasy occur?

  • Due to the presence of apomorphies
  • Due to common ancestral traits
  • Due to shared evolutionary history
  • Due to convergence or parallelism (correct)
  • Which term refers to the loss of a new (apomorphic) feature, resembling an older ancestral feature?

    <p>Reversal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for similarity resulting from common ancestry?

    <p>Homology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves the gain of new, similar features independently, leading to analogous structures?

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a character state shared between two DNA sequences or taxa inherited from a common ancestor?

    <p>Homology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a shared character that evolved independently, leading to erroneous groupings like 'vultures'?

    <p>Homoplasy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In convergent evolution, what do the spines of cacti and euphorbs represent?

    <p>Homoplasy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do old world and new world vultures provide an example of homoplasy?

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of reversal within Tetrapods mentioned in the text?

    <p>Forelimbs loss in snakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Australian 'mole' and N.Am.' is an example of which evolutionary concept mentioned?

    <p>Convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of convergent evolution mentioned in the text?

    <p>The fins of a whale and the fins of a shark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between orthologous and paralogous genes?

    <p>Orthologous genes are homologous, while paralogous genes are not homologous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monophyletic group according to the text?

    <p>A group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of homoplasy due to convergence mentioned in the text?

    <p>The fins of a whale and the fins of a shark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of parallel evolution mentioned in the text?

    <p>The 3 spine stickleback species pairs in coastal lakes of British Columbia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the recency of common ancestry and the degree of relatedness between taxa?

    <p>Taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor are more closely related than those sharing a more distant common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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