Questions and Answers
What does the term 'analogous' mean?
What does 'embryo' refer to?
The beginning or developing stage of an organism
What is 'embryology'?
The form and structure of an embryo or any of its parts
What does 'homologous' mean?
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Define 'lineage'.
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What is 'macroevolution'?
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What is 'microevolution'?
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What does 'morphology' refer to?
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What is 'speciation'?
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Define 'species'.
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What does 'vestigial' mean?
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Which of the following is an example of microevolution?
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Over time, a tadpole changes into a frog. Has it evolved?
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Evolution _____?
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The evolution of the eohippus into the modern-day horse is an example of _____?
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Select all that apply. Macroevolution _____?
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Which of the following animals will have a forelimb most similar to a dolphin?
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Both bats and honeybees have wings. Which of the following statements is true?
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Comparative morphology _____?
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During the early stages of embryo development, dolphins have gill pouches. What does this mean?
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Whales have vestigial legs. This suggests they _____?
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Select all that apply. Fossils _____?
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Study Notes
Key Terms and Definitions
- Analogous: Related or showing close similarity, often implying that structures serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestor.
- Embryo: Initial or developing stage of an organism, critical for understanding development and evolutionary biology.
- Embryology: Study of the form and structure of embryos or parts, providing insight into developmental processes and evolutionary relationships.
- Homologous: Similarity in structures due to shared ancestry, indicating evolutionary connections between different species.
- Lineage: Continuous line of descent, important for tracing evolutionary history and lineage divergence.
- Macroevolution: Evolutionary changes that occur above the species level, encompassing the origin of new species, genera, families, and higher taxonomic levels.
- Microevolution: Evolutionary changes within a species or population, usually referring to small-scale alterations like allele frequency changes.
- Morphology: Study of the form and structure of organisms, crucial for understanding evolutionary adaptations and relationships.
- Speciation: Process through which a lineage splits into distinct species, highlighting mechanisms of divergence and adaptation.
- Species: Group of related organisms sharing common features and characteristics, fundamental unit in biological classification.
- Vestigial: Referring to structures that are small or underdeveloped, suggesting an evolutionary history where these structures were more prominent.
Examples and Concepts
- Microevolution Example: Change in feather color in a bird population from red to blue illustrates gradual changes within a species.
- Evolution and Tadpole to Frog: A tadpole changing into a frog is not considered evolution as its genes remain constant.
- Nature of Evolution: Evolution is generally a slow, gradual process rather than rapid changes.
- Eohippus to Modern Horse: Illustrates a character change through evolution, showcasing gradual morphological adjustments.
- Macroevolution: Involves the study of life’s history over time and refers to evolutionary changes that occur above the species level, analyzing major evolutionary patterns.
Comparative Structures
- Forelimb Similarity: Humans share a more similar forelimb structure with dolphins than with other animals like sharks or lizards, highlighting evolutionary kinship.
- Analogous Structures: Bat and honeybee wings are analogous structures, having arisen independently rather than from a common ancestor.
- Comparative Morphology: Focuses on anatomical similarities and differences across species to understand evolutionary relationships better.
Developmental Evidence
- Gill Pouches in Dolphin Embryos: Presence indicates dolphins share a distant common ancestor with fish, supporting theories of evolutionary lineage.
- Vestigial Structures in Whales: Suggest that whales descended from land-dwelling ancestors, illustrating the concept of evolution through adaptation.
Fossil Record
- Role of Fossils: Provide evidence of evolutionary relationships and suggest gradual changes over time. They can be organized by age to form a fossil record, reinforcing the idea of biological evolution.
Selection and Evolutionary Statements
- True statements emphasize the relationship between organisms evolving in similar environments and the nature of structural homologies and analogies.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards focusing on evolutionary evidence in biology. This unit explores key terms such as analogous, embryo, and homologous, providing foundational concepts essential for understanding evolution. Perfect for students seeking a quick review of important biological vocabulary.