Evolutionary Biology: Key Concepts

<p>The identification and perpetuation of desirable traits in organisms by humans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary processes and the movement of tectonic plates over geological time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A species of hawk-moth distributed across Eurasia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both plant groups adapted to arid environments, leading to analogous structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological constraints related to surviving colder climates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for water and other resources, potentially leading to character displacement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The varying traits of these organisms support species' responses to environmental conditions and historical isolation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fossilized species exhibiting traits common to both an ancestral group and its descendants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a transitional form, providing evidence of the evolutionary relationship between non-avian dinosaurs and birds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It confirms the relationship between birds and dinosaurs, as the furcula is unique to these two groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern cetaceans, including whales, porpoises, and dolphins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By offering a chronological sequence of life's history and demonstrating the changes in organisms over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replacement fossils, where organic material is directly substituted with other compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could provide further evidence for the evolutionary relationships between reptiles and mammals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which species adapt over time in response to changes in their environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution of a group into diverse forms adapted to specialized ways of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structures that share a common ancestry but may have different functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A limb with five digits (fingers or toes). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identical environmental selection pressures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are analogous structures because they evolved independently to serve the same function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are analogous structures, representing convergent evolution due to similar feeding strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive radiation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous structures demonstrating descent with modification from a common ancestor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nearly identical DNA sequences for a particular gene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Completely absent wing structures with no skeletal remnants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular homogeny, such as shared DNA sequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gene performs a basic and essential function that is critical for survival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous structures that are shared due to common ancestry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shared common ancestry among vertebrates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both are examples of vestigial structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans and chickens share a more recent common ancestor than humans and lampreys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puffin (Class Aves) and Dolphin (Class Mammalia). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancestral human species likely had diets requiring more chewing and a larger jaw to accommodate extra molars. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analogous structures resulting from convergent evolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vestigial structures in two modern species indicate shared ancestry where the structure was functional. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates how similar environmental pressures can lead to the independent evolution of similar structures in distantly related organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are structurally different but serve a similar function, arising independently in separate evolutionary lineages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancestral species of the bird was capable of flight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leg of a human and leg of a fly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fossils that show intermediate states between evolutionary forms, revealing transitions in species.

An early whale relative with a unique inner ear structure, linked to modern whales through shared features.

A four-legged semi-aquatic fish that signifies the transition from water to land in vertebrate evolution.

A transitional form between sea cows and manatees, with features for life both on land and in water.

Human-directed breeding of organisms for specific desirable traits across generations.

Information supporting the theory of evolution, such as fossils and DNA.

Preserved remains and traces of past life, displaying evolution over time.

A transitional fossil that links birds and non-avian dinosaurs.

Body parts in different species that have a similar structure due to common ancestry.

Similarities in DNA sequences among different species indicating relatedness.

The study of embryos shows developmental similarities across species, indicating evolution.

A bird that feeds on nectar using a long proboscis.

An insect similar to hummingbirds that feeds on nectar.

A plant with thick stems full of water, spines instead of leaves.

The natural range or location where a species is found.

The study of the geographic distribution of living organisms.

The evolution of a species into diverse forms adapted to different environments.

Comparison of anatomical structures in different organisms to understand evolution.

A limb structure in tetrapods with five digits, showcasing common ancestry.

Features in different organisms that serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestry.

Remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor but are reduced in functionality in modern species.

The degree of similarity between organisms based on shared ancestry and evolution.

The coccyx, or tailbone, is a vestigial structure used for body balance during locomotion.

The comparison of DNA sequences, genes, and proteins across species to find evolutionary relationships.

A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on shared ancestry.

A shared derived trait that indicates a common ancestor among two or more taxonomic groups.

Similarities in embryonic stages of vertebrates signify their evolutionary relationships.

Structures in embryonic development that can develop into gills in fish or jaw/ear structures in land animals.

A unique derived trait found only in a specific taxon, distinguishing it from others.

Cacti have fleshy stems, deep roots, and spines to conserve water in arid environments.

Both have skin flaps for gliding, but belong to different subclasses of mammals.

Wisdom teeth were functional for ancient humans to help break down tough foods.

Puffins have streamlined bodies adapted for living underwater, similar to dolphins.

Both feed on nectar using a long proboscis, showcasing analogous structures.

Marsupial and placental mammals have developed gliding wings for aerial movement.