Evolution of ICT Quiz

ICT encompasses all technologies for telecommunication and information access, including both hardware and software.

Pre-mechanical Period (3000 B.C.E - 1450 C.E): Focused on information storage. Key inventions include stone tablets, papyrus, books, libraries, and the abacus.
Mechanical Period (1450 CE - 1840 CE): Emphasized automation and faster calculations. Noteworthy inventions include:
- Pascaline: First mechanical calculator by Blaise Pascal.
- Analytical Engine: Designed by Charles Babbage, recognized as the first general-purpose computer.
Electromechanical Period (1840 CE - 1940 CE): Emphasized using electricity for information transmission. Important inventions include telephones, phonographs, radios, and telegraph machines.
Electronic Period (1940 CE - Present): Marked by advancements in solid-state technology. Key inventions are vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and computer processors.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Focuses on mimicking human cognitive functions through algorithms.
Robotics: Involves creating autonomous devices responsive to sensory inputs, a subset of AI.
Biometrics: Analyzes human physical characteristics (e.g., DNA, fingerprints, facial patterns).
Quantum Cryptography: Encoding messages based on physical principles, not mathematical algorithms.
Computer-Assisted Translation: Utilizes computers for translating between languages.
3D Imaging and Holography: Holography uses light to create three-dimensional representations.
Virtual Reality: Environments generated by computers allowing user interaction and exploration.

Defined as devices with internet capabilities accessible from any location (e.g., smartphones, tablets, laptops).
Communication methods include:
- WiFi: Wireless local area network technology.
- Bluetooth: Short-range radio signal transmission.
- Mobile networks: 3G, 4G, GSM, GPRS.
- Data services: Networking services for mobile devices.
- Dial-Up services: Networking via modems and telephone lines.
- VPN: Secure private network access.

AI emulates humans using complex algorithms across various domains, including vehicles and surveillance.
Learning process involves generalization, reasoning, and problem-solving capabilities.
Types of AI:
- Weak AI: Focused on a single task (e.g., AlphaGo).
- Strong AI: Self-aware and unpredictable (e.g., fictional Ultron).
Machine Learning: Data-driven learning processes.
Point of Singularity: Moment when AI becomes as intelligent as humans.
AI enhances storytelling and science fiction, demonstrating human-like reasoning.
Narrow AI: Designed for specific tasks; knowledge is not easily transferable (e.g., ChatGPT).
Strong AI: Theoretical intelligence that mimics human cognitive ability, encompassing AGI (General) and ASI (Super).

Common internet issues include cyberbullying, hacking, identity theft, plagiarism, and copyright concerns.
Security Tips:
- Avoid using one password across multiple accounts.
- Create unique, lengthy passwords (preferably over 15 characters).
- Mix character types; avoid predictable patterns.
- Use password managers and enable two-factor authentication.

Netiquette: Guidelines for proper online interaction and behavior.
Created by network manners expert Virginia Shen, including 10 core rules:
- Be sensitive and humane in online behavior.
- Maintain the same standards as in face-to-face interactions.
- Recognize your location in the cyber realm.
- Respect others' bandwidth; be mindful of their time and resources.