ICT Definition & Evolution
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Who invented the telegraph?

  • Alexander Graham Bell
  • John Logie Baird
  • Samuel Morse (correct)
  • Gugliemo Marconi

    • The telephone allowed real-time voice communication.

    True (A)

    What does ICT stand for?

    Information and Communication Technology

    The integration between information technology (IT) and ______ systems defines ICT.

    <p>telecommunication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following inventor with their invention:

    <p>Samuel Morse = Telegraph Alexander Graham Bell = Telephone Gugliemo Marconi = Radio Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication advancement enabled global communication via space-based relays?

    <p>Satellite Communications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Analytical Engine, designed by Charles Babbage, was fully assembled and functional in the 1830s.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology enabled high-speed internet (up to 1Gbps), HD streaming, and VoIP in mobile communication?

    <p>4G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Von Neumann architecture proposes that both data and instructions are stored in the same ______.

    <p>memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developments with their corresponding generations of mobile technology:

    <p>Analog voice communication = 1G Digital communication (GSM, CDMA) = 2G Mobile broadband (UMTS, HSPA) = 3G LTE Technology = 4G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 1G mobile technology?

    <p>SMS messaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ada Lovelace is recognized for inventing the Pascaline.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol suite standardized communication protocols and made the internet globally interoperable?

    <p>TCP/IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considered one of the fathers of artificial intelligence, ______ developed the concept of the Turing Machine.

    <p>Alan Turing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary innovation introduced by the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1991?

    <p>Revolutionized access to information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a network infrastructure?

    <p>Reduced security risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A LAN (Local Area Network) is an example of a network extension.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gap between those who can access new technologies and those who cannot is known as the ______.

    <p>digital divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network architectures with their descriptions:

    <p>Client/Server = Centralized server provides resources to clients Peer-to-Peer = Each device can act as both client and server LAN = Local area network WAN = Wide area network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is commonly used for secure web communication?

    <p>HTTPS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connection speed is the only parameter that is crucial for an efficient internet connection.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

    <p>interconnections between objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a spreadsheet, the intersections of rows and columns are called ______.

    <p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was the first spreadsheet program released?

    <p>VisiCalc (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rows in a spreadsheet are indicated by letters.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of related data organized in a table?

    <p>dataset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In binary systems, the flow of binary digits is conventionally grouped into sequences of 8 bits, also known as a ______.

    <p>byte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With a sequence of n bits, how many different natural numbers can be represented?

    <p>$2^n$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acronym ASCII stands for American Standard Code for ______ Interchange.

    <p>Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    ICT

    Information and Communication Technology; technologies for storing, processing, and communicating information.

    Telegraph

    First long-distance wired communication system invented by Samuel Morse in 1837.

    Telephone

    Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876; enabled real-time voice communication.

    Radio Transmission

    Wireless communication system invented by Gugliemo Marconi in the late 1890s.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Von Neumann Architecture

    A computer architecture with components like the CPU, memory, and input/output systems.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Satellite Communications

    Global communication system using space-based relays, initiated in the 1960s.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ARPANET

    The early network initiated in 1969 for research, fundamental to the internet's development.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    TCP/IP Protocol

    Communication protocols standardized in 1983 that enable different computer networks to communicate.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    World Wide Web

    Introduced in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, revolutionized how information is accessed online.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    1G Technology

    First-generation mobile technology, introduced in the 1980s; analog voice communication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    3G Technology

    Third-generation mobile technology launched in 2001, offering mobile broadband and internet access.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ENIAC

    The first general-purpose electronic computer, developed in 1945 using vacuum tubes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Microprocessor

    The component that replaced vacuum tubes in the 1970s, enabling personal computers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    AI & Quantum Computing

    Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and computation using quantum mechanics, relevant in the 2020s.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Programming Language

    A formal language used for instructing a computer.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Network Infrastructure

    The framework that allows interconnected devices to communicate.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    TCP/IP

    A set of protocols used for internet communication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cloud Computing

    Accessing remote resources and services over the internet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internet of Things (IoT)

    Interconnected smart devices that communicate and share data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Digital Divide

    The gap between those with and without access to digital technology.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dataset

    A collection of data organized in a matrix format with fields and records.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Spreadsheet

    A digital tool for organizing and analyzing data in tables.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Binary System

    A system using only two states (0 and 1) for encoding information.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Byte

    A unit of digital information containing 8 bits.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ASCII

    A character encoding standard for representing text with numerical codes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Binary Encoding

    Representing data in binary format for computers to process.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Numeric Data

    Data represented by numbers, processed by encoding rules.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Floating Point Representation

    Method for encoding decimal numbers in binary form.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Separation of Bits for Sign

    In binary, the first bit indicates if a number is positive or negative.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    ICT Definition & Evolution

    • ICT: Information and Communication Technology, encompassing technologies for storing, processing, analyzing data, and communicating information digitally. It integrates information technology (IT) and telecommunication systems (TLC).
    • Telegraph (1837): Invented by Samuel Morse. Introduced long-distance wired communication using Morse code. Widely adopted by businesses, governments, and armies.
    • Telephone (1876): Invented by Alexander Graham Bell. Enabled real-time voice communication using wired electric signals. Adopted by businesses, governments, armies, and individuals.
    • Radio Transmission (1896 & 1900s): Invented by Guglielmo Marconi. Created wireless communication systems. Developed from point-to-point to broadcasting (e.g., TV), further connecting the world.
    • Satellite Communications (1960s): Enabled global communication via space-based relays.
    • ARPANET (1969): Developed for research and defensive networks, forming the foundation of the modern internet.
    • TCP/IP Protocol (1983): Standardized communication protocols enabling global internet interoperability.
    • World Wide Web (1991): Introduced by Tim Berners-Lee. Revolutionized information access.
    • 1G (1980s): Analog voice communication, basic voice calls, low quality, poor security.
    • 2G (1991): Digital communication (GSM, CDMA), including SMS, voice encryption, and better call quality.
    • 3G (2001): Mobile broadband (UMTS, HSPA). Offered internet access, video streaming, and speeds up to 2 Mbps.
    • 4G (2009): LTE Technology, high-speed internet (up to 1 Gbps), HD streaming, and VoIP.
    • 5G (2019): Ultra-fast speeds (up to 10 Gbps) and low latency (1 ms), real-time applications (AR/VR, autonomous vehicles).
    • 6G (c.2030): Expected speeds of 1 Tbps, sub-millisecond latency, integration of AI and brain-computer interfaces.

    Evolution of Information Technologies

    • Blaise Pascal (1642): Invented the Pascaline, a mechanical calculator for addition and subtraction. Early example of mechanised computation.
    • Charles Babbage (1830s): Designed the Analytical Engine, considered the first concept of a programmable mechanical computer, introducing principles of control and memory.
    • Ada Lovelace (1840s): Worked with Babbage, writing the first algorithm for the Analytical Engine, recognized as the first computer programmer.
    • Alan Turing (1930s-40s): Developed the Turing Machine, a theoretical model demonstrating computations via algorithms, considered a father of AI and modern computing.
    • John von Neumann (1945): Proposed the Von Neumann Architecture, the basis of most modern computers, introducing the idea of stored-program computers (data and instructions in the same memory). Components rely on bistable devices (high/low voltage, positive/negative magnetic, on/off light). Data and instructions are coded in binary notation (0s and 1s).
    • ENIAC (1945): First general-purpose electronic computer using vacuum tubes.
    • UNIVAC (1951): First commercial computer designed for business and government use.
    • Development of Programming Language (1950s-1960s): Creation of early languages (e.g., FORTRAN), increasing computer accessibility.
    • Personal Computers and Microprocessors (1970s-1980s): Invention of the microprocessor (Intel 4004), rise of personal computers (Apple II, IBM PC).
    • Internet and World Wide Web (1980s-1990s): Adoption of TCP/IP protocols, introduction of URLs, HTTP, HTML, and the World Wide Web revolutionizing information access/sharing.
    • Mobile and Social Revolution (2000s-Present): Emergence of smartphones, mobile apps, and cloud sharing; social media redefined global interaction.
    • IoT and Cloud Services (2010s-Present): Integration of computing into everyday devices (IoT), cloud-native applications and platforms became standard.
    • AI, VR & Quantum Computing (2020s-Present): Rapid advancements in AI, machine learning, quantum computing, and immersive digital experiences (AR/VR).

    ICT Tools

    • Hardware: Computer architecture (motherboard, CPU, RAM, ROM), storage devices, input/output devices, connections, performance factors (processing power, memory, size, functionality).
    • Software: Operating systems, application software, ease of use, ubiquitous use (mobile apps), access modalities (web apps, SaaS), programming language evolution.
    • Networks: Network infrastructure benefits, taxonomy (wired/wireless, LAN/WAN/WLAN, client/server, peer-to-peer), internet, World Wide Web, TCP/IP, HTTPS, broadband (ultra-broadband, optical fiber, 5G), cloud computing, IoT.

    Digital Coding

    • Information: Formalizing data (numeric, alphanumeric) using symbols from a finite alphabet (composition rules for well-formed sequences).
    • Alphabet and Sequences: Determine the number of possible sequences based on alphabet size and sequence length (n symbols, length k = nk different sequences).
    • Binary Systems: Understanding bistable devices (e.g., voltage levels, magnetic polarization, light, binary digits used in computing). Data and instructions encoded in sequences of bits (measured in bytes).
    • Binary encoding: Representing natural numbers (0 to 2n-1) using binary sequences (byte represents 0 to 255). Integer numbers (using the first bit for the sign). Floating-point numbers (using scientific notation). Text encoding (using sequences to represent symbols: ASCII, Unicode, UTF-8).

    Spreadsheets

    • Dataset: A collection of data organized in a matrix format (tables), with columns (variables) and rows (elements). Consolidation for processing from different sources.
    • Spreadsheet: Evolution from 1961 (Mattessich concept) to VisiCalc (1978), Lotus 1-2-3 (1983), Microsoft Excel (1985), OpenOffice.org Calc (2000). Google Web Docs & Spreadsheets on any browser (2006).
    • Spreadsheet components: Cells (row/column intersections), Rows (numbered), Columns (lettered), Worksheets (rows/columns), Workbooks (multiple worksheets).

    Digital Divide

    • Definition: The gap between those with access to new technologies and those without.
    • Causes: Limited access to ICT infrastructure, computer illiteracy.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the definition and historical evolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) through key inventions such as the telegraph, telephone, and satellite communications. This quiz covers the emergence of technologies that revolutionized communication and laid the groundwork for modern digital interactions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser