Evolution of Early Digital Computers Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who was Johnniac named after?

  • John von Neumann (correct)
  • IBM
  • JOSS
  • Johnniac
  • What was Johnniac used for?

  • Mass production
  • Magnetic drum calculator
  • Time-sharing system
  • Scientific and engineering calculations (correct)
  • What was the time-sharing system created for Johnniac called?

  • John von Neumann
  • JOSS (correct)
  • IBM 650
  • Johnniac
  • When was the IBM 650 magnetic drum calculator introduced?

    <p>1954</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did IBM establish the 650 as?

    <p>Its first mass-produced computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many IBM 650 computers did the company sell in just one year?

    <p>450</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the time-sharing system JOSS?

    <p>To allow many users to simultaneously access the machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did Johnniac's lifespan last?

    <p>13 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of computer was the IBM 650?

    <p>Magnetic drum calculator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some of the innovative programs created for Johnniac?

    <p>JOSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization used counting rods as a form of record keeping?

    <p>Babylonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the abacus in ancient times?

    <p>To perform arithmetic tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the first programmable analog computer?

    <p>Ismail al-Jazari</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Napier's bones?

    <p>To perform multiplication and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the first mechanical calculator?

    <p>Blaise Pascal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is often credited with inventing the mechanical calculator?

    <p>Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What invention by Leibniz is a central ingredient of all modern computers?

    <p>Binary numeral system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first successful, mass-produced mechanical calculator called?

    <p>Thomas Arithmometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landmark achievement in programmability was made by Joseph Marie Jacquard?

    <p>Developing a loom controlled by punched cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Herman Hollerith invent for processing punched cards?

    <p>Keypunch machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the early aids to computation?

    <p>They were purely mechanical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breakthrough led to the miniaturized personal computer (PC) in the 1970s?

    <p>Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) large-scale integration (LSI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the development of transistor technology and integrated circuit chip lead to?

    <p>Digital computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of representation increased the precision of results in early computers?

    <p>Digital representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the earliest aids to computation based on?

    <p>Tally sticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the development of computing hardware?

    <p>Computers largely replaced analog computers due to the development of transistor technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breakthrough led to the miniaturized personal computer (PC) in the 1970s?

    <p>The invention of the microprocessor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the abacus in ancient times?

    <p>To aid in elementary arithmetic operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the earliest counting device?

    <p>Tally stick.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of representation increased the precision of results in early computers?

    <p>Representation in the form of digits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calculating device greatly simplified arithmetic calculations, including multiplication and division, and was a combination of two Gunter rules held together with the hands?

    <p>The slide rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented a calculating machine in 1623 that combined a mechanized form of Napier's rods with the world's first mechanical adding machine?

    <p>Wilhelm Schickard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What calculating device did Blaise Pascal invent after three years of effort and 50 prototypes?

    <p>Pascal's calculator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered that the multiplication and division of numbers could be performed by the addition and subtraction, respectively, of the logarithms of those numbers?

    <p>John Napier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mechanical calculating device did Guidobaldo del Monte make in 1609 to calculate fractions of a degree?

    <p>A mechanical multiplier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is often credited with inventing the mechanical calculator?

    <p>Pascal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Herman Hollerith invent for processing punched cards?

    <p>Tabulator and keypunch machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Thomas Arithmometer?

    <p>To perform multiplication and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the landmark achievement made by Joseph Marie Jacquard?

    <p>Inventing the punched card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Leslie Comrie's articles and W. J. Eckert's publication describe?

    <p>Advanced punched-card techniques for scientific computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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