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Questions and Answers
Which scientist's experiment directly challenged and disproved Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Which scientist's experiment directly challenged and disproved Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
- Charles Darwin
- August Weismann (correct)
- Gregor Mendel
- Alfred Russel Wallace
What was the key contribution of John Ray to the field of biology?
What was the key contribution of John Ray to the field of biology?
- Proposing the theory of catastrophism
- Developing the system of binomial nomenclature
- Providing the first biological definition of the term 'species' (correct)
- Formulating the concept of natural selection
In the context of natural selection, what role does 'inheritance' play in the process of adaptation?
In the context of natural selection, what role does 'inheritance' play in the process of adaptation?
- It ensures that all offspring are genetically identical to their parents.
- It introduces new variations into the population.
- It allows beneficial traits to be passed on to subsequent generations. (correct)
- It maintains a stable population size over time.
How did Alfred Russel Wallace's work in the Malay Archipelago influence Darwin's publication of 'On the Origin of Species'?
How did Alfred Russel Wallace's work in the Malay Archipelago influence Darwin's publication of 'On the Origin of Species'?
Which of the following best describes Georges Cuvier's primary contribution to the development of evolutionary thought despite not being an evolutionist himself?
Which of the following best describes Georges Cuvier's primary contribution to the development of evolutionary thought despite not being an evolutionist himself?
Which concept did Erasmus Darwin introduce that influenced later evolutionary theories?
Which concept did Erasmus Darwin introduce that influenced later evolutionary theories?
How did Gregor Mendel's work on heredity contribute to the understanding of evolution?
How did Gregor Mendel's work on heredity contribute to the understanding of evolution?
What is the most accurate definition of adaptation in the context of evolutionary biology?
What is the most accurate definition of adaptation in the context of evolutionary biology?
Which of Carl Linnaeus's contributions remains a fundamental aspect of modern biological classification?
Which of Carl Linnaeus's contributions remains a fundamental aspect of modern biological classification?
Which of the following observations made by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle significantly contributed to his theory of evolution by natural selection?
Which of the following observations made by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle significantly contributed to his theory of evolution by natural selection?
Flashcards
Evolution
Evolution
Change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations.
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Formulated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
John Ray
John Ray
First to define species biologically as groups that do not interbreed.
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus
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Georges Cuvier
Georges Cuvier
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Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance
Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance
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Variation
Variation
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Inheritance
Inheritance
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Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace
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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel
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Study Notes
- Evolution refers to the change in heritable traits within a population over successive generations
Charles Darwin and Natural Selection
- Charles Darwin formulated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
John Ray
- John Ray (1627-1705) was the first to define species biologically
- Ray defined a species as a group of organisms that do not interbreed
- He classified plants based on their morphological characteristics.
Carl Linnaeus
- Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed the binomial nomenclature system
- Linnaeus classified living organisms into hierarchical categories: Kingdom, Class, Order, Genus, Species
Taxonomy of Living Things
- Carl Woese proposed the Domain classification
- Ernst Haeckel proposed Phylum and Family classifications
Erasmus Darwin
- Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802) suggested that all life descended from a common ancestor.
- Zoonomia introduced ideas on evolution but lacked a clear mechanism
Georges Cuvier
- Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) pioneered the study of fossils and comparative anatomy
- Cuvier proposed catastrophism
- Cuvier's work established paleontology.
Lamarck's Theory
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) proposed organisms evolve by acquiring traits during their lifetime
- These traits acquired during a lifetime are passed to offspring
- Weismann's experiment disproved Lamarck's theory
Charles Darwin's Voyage and Theory
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882) traveled on the HMS Beagle, studying biodiversity
- Darwin observed variations in finches on the Galapagos Islands
- Darwin developed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, also known as "Survival of the Fittest"
- Darwin published his theory in On the Origin of Species in 1859
Key Points in Natural Selection
- Variation: Individuals in a population have differences in traits
- Inheritance: Traits are passed from parents to offspring
- Reproduction: Organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Adaptation: Over generations, beneficial traits become more common in the population
Natural Selection
- Organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Heritable traits that aid survival and reproduction become more common over time, leading to adaptation
Alfred Russel Wallace
- Alfred Russel Wallace conceived natural selection while studying in the Malay Archipelago
- Wallace corresponded with Darwin, which pushed Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species in 1859
- Wallace's work reinforced Darwin's theory and contributed to biogeography.
- Wallace believed species changed over time to fit into new environments
Gregor Mendel
- Gregor Mendel's (1822-1884) work on heredity provided the missing mechanism for evolution
- Mendel's experiments with pea plants established laws of inheritance
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