Mastering Taxonomy
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Questions and Answers

Which scientist developed the idea of natural selection independently of Darwin?

  • Lamarck
  • Wallace (correct)
  • Darwin
  • Galapagos

    • What is the term for a trait that is shared by different species because they both inherited it from a common ancestor?

  • Homologous trait (correct)
  • Convergent trait
  • Inherited trait
  • Analogous trait

    • What is the term for a random change to a sequence of bases in an organism's DNA?

  • Mutation (correct)
  • Gene flow
  • Natural selection
  • Genetic drift

    • What is the term for a change in allele frequencies produced by random differences in survival and reproduction?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of alleles between populations?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms?

    <p>Phylogeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two domains of life are more closely related to each other?

    <p>Archaea and Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Protists?

    <p>They have a true nucleus and organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leaves in plants?

    <p>To perform photosynthesis and exchange gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation did Ferns have over Bryophytes?

    <p>The evolution of vascular tissues for efficient water and nutrient transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of plants is the most abundant and diverse?

    <p>Angiosperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general structure of fungi made up of?

    <p>Hyphae and polycerids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Sponges?

    <p>They lack true tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals is characterized by their radial symmetry and presence of stinging cells?

    <p>Cnidarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes microevolution?

    <p>Changes in the frequency of genes in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is macroevolution?

    <p>The evolution of large-scale structures and traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions required for natural selection to occur?

    <p>Genetic mutation, struggle for existence, and variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the individual level in natural selection?

    <p>Genetic mutation helps individuals survive and reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the population level in natural selection?

    <p>Favorable traits are passed down from generation to generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example from the lecture demonstrates natural selection?

    <p>Peppered moths during the industrial revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of natural selection?

    <p>Struggle for existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics distinguishes flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from other animal groups?

    <p>Unsegmented, cylindrical body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of annelids?

    <p>Segmented body with repeating structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is unique to echinoderms?

    <p>Water vascular system and radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of chordates/vertebrates?

    <p>Presence of a notochord and a dorsal nerve cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fish?

    <p>Aquatic vertebrates with gills for respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of birds (Aves)?

    <p>Feathered, warm-blooded vertebrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is unique to mammals (Mammalia)?

    <p>Warm-blooded vertebrates with hair or fur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primate known for?

    <p>Forward-facing eyes and grasping hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of hominins?

    <p>Modern humans and our direct ancestors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polygenic Trees are used to organize the characteristics of different groups of organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria and Archaea are genetically and biochemically distinct from each other.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protozoans are a subgroup of protists that are photosynthetic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leaves in plants perform photosynthesis to produce sugars and oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ferns have the innovation of vascular tissues for efficient water and nutrient transport.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gymnosperms are more abundant than angiosperms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structure of fungi is made up of hyphae and polycerids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Microevolution refers to the evolution of large-scale structures and traits that go significantly beyond the intraspecific variation found in microevolution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Macroevolution is a change in evolution that occurs over a short period of time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genetic mutation plays no role in natural selection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The struggle for existence, variation, and inheritance are the three conditions required for natural selection to occur.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: At the individual level, natural selection refers to the survival and reproduction of individuals that are best suited to their environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: At the population level, natural selection results in the inheritance of favorable traits from one generation to the next.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Annelids have a closed circulatory system?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Nematodes have a pseudocoelom?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Echinoderms have bilateral symmetry?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fish have gills for respiration?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Reptiles have bony plates?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Birds lay soft-shelled eggs?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mammals produce milk to feed their young?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Primate is a subgroup of hominids?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fungi obtain nutrients through absorption?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Lamarck's theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics" was correct.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Homologous traits provide evidence for common ancestry.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Analogous traits are traits shared by different species because they both evolved a similar adaptation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mutation is a random change to a sequence of bases in an organism's DNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies produced by non-random differences in survival and reproduction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Gene flow is the exchange of alleles between populations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Speciation occurs when gene flow stops between two populations for a short period of time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evolution and Characteristics of Different Organisms

    • Microevolution refers to changes in the gene pool of a population, while macroevolution involves large-scale changes in evolution over many years.
    • Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes.
    • Examples of natural selection include the color change in peppered moths during the industrial revolution and the development of stronger beaks in finches to adapt to changing food sources.
    • Darwin's contribution to advancing our knowledge of the natural world was developing the concept of natural selection, while Wallace independently developed the same idea.
    • Lamarck's contribution was the incorrect theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics."
    • Homologous traits are shared by different species due to a common ancestor, providing evidence for evolution, such as the similarity in limb structure among tetrapods, humans, cats, whales, and bats.
    • Analogous traits are similar adaptations that evolved independently in unrelated organisms, and they are due to convergent evolution.
    • Mutation is a random change in an organism's DNA sequence, genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies due to random differences in survival and reproduction, and gene flow is the exchange of alleles between populations.
    • Speciation occurs when gene flow stops between two populations for a sufficient period of time, leading to the formation of new populations.
    • Phylogeny is the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms, constructed using homologous traits, analogous traits, and molecular evidence.
    • The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, with Bacteria and Archaea being more closely related.
    • Major plant organs include roots for absorption and anchoring, stems for support and transport, and leaves for photosynthesis and gas exchange.
    • Different groups of plants, such as bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, have distinct characteristics and innovations, with angiosperms being the most abundant and diverse group.

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    Description

    Learn how to organize and compare different groups of organisms using the convenient Polygenic Trees. This quiz will test your understanding of evolutionary descent and the characteristics of various species, organisms, and genes. Get ready to enhance your knowledge of taxonomy and classification!

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