Evidence-Based Medicine and Scientific Research Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)?

  • To promote the use of pathophysiologic rationale in treatment decisions
  • To shift decision making from intuition and unsystematic clinical experience to increase the use of scientific, clinically relevant research (correct)
  • To emphasize the importance of anecdotal evidence in clinical practice
  • To discourage the use of scientific research in clinical decision making
  • What is the term introduced by Archie Cochrane in 1992 to emphasize the use of systematic review of evidence in treatment decisions?

  • Systematic Treatment Review
  • Evidence-Based Medicine (correct)
  • Evidence Based Practice
  • Evidence Informed Practice
  • What does Evidence Informed Practice aim to do?

  • Integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values (correct)
  • Disregard patient values in treatment decisions
  • Rely solely on clinical expertise without considering research evidence
  • Base decisions only on anecdotal evidence
  • What was the research/practice gap after the introduction of Evidence-Based Medicine?

    <p>17 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the systematic influence that distorts comparisons in research studies?

    <p>Selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence research outcomes in medical and surgical trials, with a more pronounced effect in drug trials?

    <p>Industry funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement of the relationship between two variables, and it does not imply causation?

    <p>Correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bias involves systematically different groups due to inadequate randomization?

    <p>Selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may reduce options according to a common misconception?

    <p>Limiting treatments to proven effective ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a systematic influence that distorts comparisons in research studies?

    <p>Selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bias refers to systematic differences in the care provided apart from the intervention being assessed?

    <p>Performance bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bias is characterized by systematic differences in withdrawals from the trial?

    <p>Attrition bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study, if participants who are aware of being observed alter their behavior, what type of bias is this an example of?

    <p>Observation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of causation refers to the cause coming before the effect?

    <p>Temporality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of causation states that a stronger association provides better evidence of a cause/effect relationship?

    <p>Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dose-response relationship' in the principle of causation refer to?

    <p>Varying amounts of the cause result in varying amounts of the effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence for cause/effect relationship does 'reversibility' in the principle of causation support?

    <p>The association between cause and effect is reversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'consistency' in the principle of causation refer to?

    <p>If several studies conducted at different times, in different settings, and with different patients come to the same conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Arguments for avoiding or decreasing reliance on clinical experience alone: false attribution, lack of follow-up, small sample size, rose-coloured glasses
    • Use literature, more credible sources to make informed decisions, efficient use of resources, improved clinical care
    • Arguments for stopping ineffective practices: consistency within/across professions, communication and collaboration, promotes inquiry, continual improvement
    • Misconception: limiting treatments to proven effective ones may reduce options, challenging to study complex situations, complex interventions, concerns about undermining naturopathic philosophy
    • Essential to understand and critically evaluate research for proper application
    • Industry funding can influence research outcomes in medical and surgical trials, and this influence is more pronounced in drug trials
    • Science involves systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation, empirical method of acquiring knowledge, correlation vs causation
    • Correlation is a measurement of the relationship between two variables, and it does not imply causation
    • Confounding factors can influence research results, making it difficult to determine causality
    • Bias is a systematic influence that distorts comparisons, and it can impact any kind of research study
    • Selection bias: systematically different groups due to inadequate randomization, likely influenced by factors like socio-economic status, education level, etc.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on evidence-based medicine, the scientific method, critical appraisal of health research, and principles of causation and correlation.

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