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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of annular down take in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
What is the purpose of the baffle in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
How does the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator handle scale-forming solutions?
What is the primary advantage of the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator in handling solutions that tend to form foams upon heating?
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What is the result of the feed solution boiling and evaporating in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the function of the vapor chamber in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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How long does it typically take for the feed solution to reach the required concentration in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the primary advantage of the single unit removable basket in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the result of the condensation of steam in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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Study Notes
Evaporation
- Evaporation is a unit operation involving heat transfer, where a relatively large amount of liquid (solvent) is removed to obtain a concentrated solution by applying heat.
- Heat is supplied indirectly using steam or hot liquid.
- End products of evaporation are:
- Concentrate (concentrated solution)
- Vapor (evaporated volatile component)
Applications of Evaporation
- Concentration of solutions
- Recovery of volatile component (solvent)
Theory of Evaporation
- Open System
- Closed System
- Boiling Point
- Boiling Point Elevation
Factors Affecting Evaporation Rate
- Exposed surface area (SA): directly proportional to evaporation rate
- Temperature (T): directly proportional to evaporation rate
- Air or external pressure: inversely proportional to evaporation rate
Standard Type Vertical Tube Evaporator
- Operation:
- Feed is introduced from the top to fill the lower half of vertical tubes
- Steam circulates outside the tubes
- Heat is transferred from the steam to the feed solution
- Feed circulation occurs by natural convection
- Feed solution boils and evaporates to form a concentrated solution
- Steam is converted to condensate
- Vapor is withdrawn from the top of the vapor chamber
- Advantages:
- Moderate heat transfer coefficient
- Can be used for low viscous liquids
- Disadvantages:
- Can not be used for thermolabile solutions
- Not suitable for viscous solutions
- Not suitable for solutions that tend to form foams upon heating
Multiple Effect Evaporator
- Operation:
- Connection between 2 or more evaporators
- Heating element is the steam in the first evaporator
- Produced vapor is used for the 2nd and subsequent evaporators
- Advantage:
- Maximizes steam economy
- Suitable for continuous feed applications
Basket Type Vertical Tube Evaporator
- Operation:
- Similar to standard type vertical tube evaporator
- Modifications:
- Baffles (deflector plate) reduce entrained liquid droplets from the vapor
- Single unit removable basket for easy cleaning and scale removal
- Annular down take allows natural convection and increases circulation
- Advantages:
- Can be used with scale forming and solutions that tend to form foams upon heating
- Disadvantages:
- Not mentioned
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Description
Test your understanding of evaporation, a thermal separation process used to concentrate solutions and recover volatile components. Learn about the application of heat in evaporation and the end products of this process. Evaluate your knowledge of this important unit operation in chemical engineering.
