Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of annular down take in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
To increase the heat transfer coefficient
What is the purpose of the baffle in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
To reduce the entrained liquid droplets from the vapor
How does the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator handle scale-forming solutions?
By removing the heating surface for cleaning and scale removal
What is the primary advantage of the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator in handling solutions that tend to form foams upon heating?
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What is the result of the feed solution boiling and evaporating in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the function of the vapor chamber in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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How long does it typically take for the feed solution to reach the required concentration in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the primary advantage of the single unit removable basket in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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What is the result of the condensation of steam in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?
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Study Notes
Evaporation
- Evaporation is a unit operation involving heat transfer, where a relatively large amount of liquid (solvent) is removed to obtain a concentrated solution by applying heat.
- Heat is supplied indirectly using steam or hot liquid.
- End products of evaporation are:
- Concentrate (concentrated solution)
- Vapor (evaporated volatile component)
Applications of Evaporation
- Concentration of solutions
- Recovery of volatile component (solvent)
Theory of Evaporation
- Open System
- Closed System
- Boiling Point
- Boiling Point Elevation
Factors Affecting Evaporation Rate
- Exposed surface area (SA): directly proportional to evaporation rate
- Temperature (T): directly proportional to evaporation rate
- Air or external pressure: inversely proportional to evaporation rate
Standard Type Vertical Tube Evaporator
- Operation:
- Feed is introduced from the top to fill the lower half of vertical tubes
- Steam circulates outside the tubes
- Heat is transferred from the steam to the feed solution
- Feed circulation occurs by natural convection
- Feed solution boils and evaporates to form a concentrated solution
- Steam is converted to condensate
- Vapor is withdrawn from the top of the vapor chamber
- Advantages:
- Moderate heat transfer coefficient
- Can be used for low viscous liquids
- Disadvantages:
- Can not be used for thermolabile solutions
- Not suitable for viscous solutions
- Not suitable for solutions that tend to form foams upon heating
Multiple Effect Evaporator
- Operation:
- Connection between 2 or more evaporators
- Heating element is the steam in the first evaporator
- Produced vapor is used for the 2nd and subsequent evaporators
- Advantage:
- Maximizes steam economy
- Suitable for continuous feed applications
Basket Type Vertical Tube Evaporator
- Operation:
- Similar to standard type vertical tube evaporator
- Modifications:
- Baffles (deflector plate) reduce entrained liquid droplets from the vapor
- Single unit removable basket for easy cleaning and scale removal
- Annular down take allows natural convection and increases circulation
- Advantages:
- Can be used with scale forming and solutions that tend to form foams upon heating
- Disadvantages:
- Not mentioned
