Evaporation Process in Chemical Engineering
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of annular down take in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

  • To decrease the circulation of the feed solution
  • To increase the heat transfer coefficient (correct)
  • To reduce the entrained liquid droplets from the vapor
  • To increase the pressure of the steam
  • What is the purpose of the baffle in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

  • To increase the pressure of the steam
  • To increase the heat transfer rate
  • To reduce the entrained liquid droplets from the vapor (correct)
  • To decrease the circulation of the feed solution
  • How does the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator handle scale-forming solutions?

  • By using a corrosive-resistant material for the tubes
  • By reducing the flow rate of the feed solution
  • By increasing the temperature of the steam
  • By removing the heating surface for cleaning and scale removal (correct)
  • What is the primary advantage of the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator in handling solutions that tend to form foams upon heating?

    <p>The breaking of the foam due to the liquid/vapor mixture striking an impingement baffle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the feed solution boiling and evaporating in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

    <p>The formation of a thick liquor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

    <p>Natural convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vapor chamber in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

    <p>To separate the vapor from the liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for the feed solution to reach the required concentration in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

    <p>1-3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the single unit removable basket in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

    <p>Easy cleaning and scale removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the condensation of steam in the IV-Basket type vertical tube evaporator?

    <p>The condensate drips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evaporation

    • Evaporation is a unit operation involving heat transfer, where a relatively large amount of liquid (solvent) is removed to obtain a concentrated solution by applying heat.
    • Heat is supplied indirectly using steam or hot liquid.
    • End products of evaporation are:
      • Concentrate (concentrated solution)
      • Vapor (evaporated volatile component)

    Applications of Evaporation

    • Concentration of solutions
    • Recovery of volatile component (solvent)

    Theory of Evaporation

    • Open System
    • Closed System
    • Boiling Point
    • Boiling Point Elevation

    Factors Affecting Evaporation Rate

    • Exposed surface area (SA): directly proportional to evaporation rate
    • Temperature (T): directly proportional to evaporation rate
    • Air or external pressure: inversely proportional to evaporation rate

    Standard Type Vertical Tube Evaporator

    • Operation:
      • Feed is introduced from the top to fill the lower half of vertical tubes
      • Steam circulates outside the tubes
      • Heat is transferred from the steam to the feed solution
      • Feed circulation occurs by natural convection
      • Feed solution boils and evaporates to form a concentrated solution
      • Steam is converted to condensate
      • Vapor is withdrawn from the top of the vapor chamber
    • Advantages:
      • Moderate heat transfer coefficient
      • Can be used for low viscous liquids
    • Disadvantages:
      • Can not be used for thermolabile solutions
      • Not suitable for viscous solutions
      • Not suitable for solutions that tend to form foams upon heating

    Multiple Effect Evaporator

    • Operation:
      • Connection between 2 or more evaporators
      • Heating element is the steam in the first evaporator
      • Produced vapor is used for the 2nd and subsequent evaporators
    • Advantage:
      • Maximizes steam economy
      • Suitable for continuous feed applications

    Basket Type Vertical Tube Evaporator

    • Operation:
      • Similar to standard type vertical tube evaporator
    • Modifications:
      • Baffles (deflector plate) reduce entrained liquid droplets from the vapor
      • Single unit removable basket for easy cleaning and scale removal
      • Annular down take allows natural convection and increases circulation
    • Advantages:
      • Can be used with scale forming and solutions that tend to form foams upon heating
    • Disadvantages:
      • Not mentioned

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    Description

    Test your understanding of evaporation, a thermal separation process used to concentrate solutions and recover volatile components. Learn about the application of heat in evaporation and the end products of this process. Evaluate your knowledge of this important unit operation in chemical engineering.

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