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Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Ribosomes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

To synthesize ribosomal RNA
To transcribe DNA into RNA
To translate mRNA into protein
To catalyze the addition of a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule (correct)

How many binding sites for tRNA molecules are present on a ribosome?

2
4
3 (correct)
1

What is the function of the P site on a ribosome?

Holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid
Binds to mRNA
Holds the discharged tRNA
Holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain (correct)

What is the most abundant type of RNA?

rRNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for ribosomal subunits to form a functional ribosome?

Attachment to an mRNA molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Not specified in the text (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation?

To transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA?

Anticodon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site where the amino acid carried by tRNA is added to the growing polypeptide chain?

Ribosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which tRNA molecules are synthesized?

Transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many times can a single tRNA molecule be used?

Multiple times (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in which a polypeptide chain is synthesized from a sequence of codons on mRNA?

Initiation, elongation, termination (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in the composition of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes?

The types and number of proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

During the initiation stage of translation, what is brought together?

mRNA, a tRNA with the first amino acid, and the two ribosomal subunits (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding occurs between the mRNA codon and the corresponding anticodon of tRNA?

Hydrogen bonding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polyribosomes?

To make multiple copies of a polypeptide quickly (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when one of the three stop codons reaches the A site during translation?

Termination occurs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is formed between the polypeptide in the P site and the new amino acid in the A site during elongation?

Peptide bond (B) Signup and view all the answers

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