01EU Communities and Treaties Quiz

A process where national states gradually merge into a larger regional entity, with supranational institutions playing an increasingly significant role.

A theory suggesting that cooperation in specific areas, like the economy, can pave the way for broader political integration between states.

The idea that European integration should advance through a series of concrete steps, creating a 'de facto' solidarity between states.

A landmark document proposing the creation of a European Coal and Steel Community, aimed at fostering economic cooperation and preventing future conflicts.

The first step in the European integration process, established by the 1951 Paris Treaty, with the aim of achieving common production and trade of coal and steel among member states.

A commission established to study the next steps of European integration after the creation of the ECSC, paving the way for further integration.

An international organization established by a 1957 Treaty, aiming to promote cooperation in nuclear research and energy, with a similar structure to the ECSC.

A treaty signed in 1957, establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), aimed at creating a common market and fostering economic integration.

A supranational institution within the ECSC responsible for making recommendations on coal and steel policies, playing a key role in economic coordination.

A body composed of representatives from member states within the ECSC, responsible for decision-making on coal and steel policies, reflecting national interests.

The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) has the same six founding member states as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

EURATOM's treaty has no expiration date, indicating the founding states' intention for long-term integration.

The European Economic Community (EEC) was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.

The EEC's main goal was to create a common market, harmonize economic policies, and promote a unified Europe.

The EEC Treaty has a broad and horizontal scope, meaning it covers a wide range of economic sectors.

The EEC's main competences include establishing a common market, regulating competition, and implementing ancillary policies like transportation, agricultural policy and commercial policy.

The EEC's institutional framework is complex, involving supranational institutions with significant powers.

The EEC included supranational institutions with significant powers, given by the Member States.

The Treaty of Rome (1957) created the European Economic Community (EEC), aiming to establish a common market and promote economic integration. It expanded on the success of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and set the stage for further European integration.

The "Merger Treaty" in 1967 united the institutions of the three Communities, providing a single budget for the ECSC, EURATOM, and EEC. This consolidated the administrative structure of European integration and streamlined operations.

The 'empty chair' crisis highlights the potential for national sovereignty concerns to disrupt European integration. France, under De Gaulle, withdrew from Council meetings to protest against the increasing power of supranational institutions, effectively blocking the EEC's activities.

The Common European Defence (CED) aimed to create a unified defense force for Europe. It was a French initiative, driven by concerns about Germany's potential rearmament. However, the project failed due to a lack of consensus, particularly from the UK, and France's own inaction.

The Commission, Council, and Assembly (Parliament) are the key institutions of the European Communities (ECSC, EURATOM, and EEC). The Court of Justice is shared among all three communities. However, only the Parliament and Court of Justice are truly shared, while the Commission and Council have distinct roles and powers within each community.

The failure of the CED project demonstrates the sensitivity of defense matters and their connection to national sovereignty. It highlighted the challenges of achieving consensus on highly sensitive issues within an integrated Europe. This failure serves as a reminder of the complexities of building a truly unified Europe.

De Gaulle's 'empty chair' strategy involved France's withdrawal from Council meetings to oppose the expansion of supranational power. This action demonstrated the power of national vetoes and the complex interplay between national interests and European integration.

France's objection to further integration in the 1960s was motivated by a desire to maintain national sovereignty and control over key policy areas. This resistance highlights the political challenges of achieving deeper integration, as member states often prioritize their national interests.

A mechanism where a member state can block a Council decision based on its claims of fundamental interest being affected. It ultimately functions as a veto, hindering the implementation of qualified majority voting, even in areas where treaties allow it.

A treaty intended to establish a European Constitution, aimed at strengthening the political dimension of European integration and symbolizing a united Europe. It included provisions like EU anthem, flag, and a public holiday, and codified the principle of primacy of EU law over national law.

This emphasizes policies that create a single market by harmonizing laws and regulations across member states.

This focuses on removing trade barriers and allowing national laws to stand as long as they do not hinder free trade. It's a more flexible approach compared to positive integration.

A treaty that aimed to establish a constitution for the European Union, reflecting a desire for greater political integration and a stronger sense of European identity.

A landmark treaty that codified the European Council's role, paved the way for qualified majority voting (not unanimity) in specific areas, and further strengthened the European Parliament (though limitedly). It also set a deadline for the completion of the internal market.

The proposed Treaty Establishing a European Constitution was rejected by a national referendum in France and the Netherlands in 2005.

A pivotal treaty that led to the formation of the European Union, shifting the focus from purely economic integration to a broader, multifaceted union. It established the EU's three pillars: the European Community, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and Justice and Home Affairs (JHA).

The Treaty of Lisbon is a major international treaty that reformed the European Union in 2009. It replaced the failed Treaty Establishing a European Constitution and introduced significant changes to the Union's institutional framework.

The Treaty of Lisbon introduced changes in the institutional framework of the EU by integrating aspects from the failed Treaty Establishing a European Constitution.

Refers to the way the EU operates, where decisions are taken through supranational institutions like the Commission and Parliament, based on shared goals and policies. Its contrast to traditional intragovernmental cooperation, which focuses on national interests and unanimous decisions.

The Treaty of Lisbon introduced significant changes to the European Union, including the abolition of the pillar structure, the establishment of a legislative initiative for EU citizens, and a more prominent role for national parliaments in the legislative process.

This refers to the traditional way member states work together in international relations, where decisions are based on unanimous consensus among national governments. It contrasts with the supranational decision-making of the 'community method'.

The Treaty of Lisbon was designed to address the issues that led to the rejection of the Treaty Establishing a European Constitution.

A landmark achievement of the Maastricht Treaty, establishing the concept of European citizenship, granting rights and freedoms to citizens of member states within the EU framework.

The Treaty of Lisbon was signed in 2007 and entered into force in 2009, marking a significant transformation in the EU's institutional framework.

The Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) replaced the third pillar of the European Union, which was "Justice and Home Affairs" (JHA), with "police and judicial cooperation". It also "communitarized" policies like visas, immigration, asylum and other policies related to free movement of persons, including cooperation in civil justice matters.

The Treaty of Amsterdam introduced enhanced cooperation for the first and third pillars of the European Union, allowing for a "Europe à la carte" approach. This means that countries could choose to participate in specific areas of cooperation, while not necessarily participating in others.

The Treaty of Amsterdam codified the principle of transparency for the activities and documents of the EU institutions. This means that the activities and documents of the EU institutions should be open to public scrutiny.

The Treaty of Amsterdam states that the European Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law. It also included a procedure to ensure that these values are respected by Member States.

The Treaty of Nice (2001) introduced the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU). This charter lays down fundamental rights that should be respected by the European Union and its Member States, and includes provisions on human dignity, freedom, equality, solidarity, citizens' rights, justice and security.

The Treaty of Nice aimed to revise the institutional framework of the European Union, especially in light of the enlargement of the EU to many new member states. However, the actual results of the treaty were less ambitious than initially envisaged.

The Treaty of Nice was adopted following the Helsinki European Council in 1999. This council convened the Intergovernmental Conference that eventually led to the adoption of the Treaty of Nice.

The Treaty of Nice was initially aimed at implementing a complete revision of the institutional framework of the European Union. This included proposals such as a new division of competences between the EU and the Member States, measures to reduce the so-called democratic deficit, and other ambitious changes.