European Jewish Communities in Medieval Times

1. The Franco-German community (Ashkenazim) 2. The Spanish-Italian community (Sephardim)

Small time merchants (businessmen), skilled workers, and farmers.

Jewish slaves brought back to Rome by the Romans who were later freed and continued living in Rome.

<p>Rather than return to Israel, they chose to stay in Rome after being freed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ashkenazim originated from Franco-Germany and later moved to Eastern Europe, while Sephardim came from the Spanish-Italian community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were among the first Jews to migrate to Europe, contributing to the formation of Jewish communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some Jews remained in Europe due to success as merchants and the establishment of Jewish communities in Italy, Germany, and France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False stories like blood-libels, competition with Christianity, and the spread of intolerance and hatred contributed to the rise of anti-Semitic attacks in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite living in ghettos, Jews built Shuls, schools, and Yeshivot, and developed a language called Yiddish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jews sought refuge in Poland due to the welcoming attitude of Polish kings and the opportunities for trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Crusades were a series of holy wars fought by Christians to capture the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were attacked because the church preached against the Jews, and they were offered conversion to Christianity to avoid slaughter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jerusalem was considered a holy place for Christians during the Crusades because it was where Jesus was crucified and resurrected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the York Massacre, Jews were attacked, their houses set on fire, and they sought refuge in Clifford's Tower. Despite surrendering, they faced death by torture or baptism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The start of the Crusades in 1095 was prompted by the church's call for a holy war against the Muslims in response to attacks on Christian pilgrims in Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peasants, knights, and others chose to fight in the Crusades due to the belief that dying in the holy war would lead to forgiveness of their sins and a direct path to heaven.</p> Signup and view all the answers