Chapter 5 Pharma

Which of the following is true about propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

What is the recommended action if unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

What is the mechanism for sporadic propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

What is the recommended action if the results of laboratory studies for propofol-induced metabolic acidosis are delayed?

What is the chemical composition of propofol?

Which term refers to a drug that induces a state of calm or sleep?

What is the dose range of propofol for intravenous administration?

What is the term used to describe drugs that reversibly depress the activity of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Which of the following is a property of propofol that contributes to its neuroprotective effect?

What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

Which of the following anesthetic drugs decrease pharyngeal contraction force?

What is a characteristic of etomidate's chemical structure?

Which of the following statements about etomidate is true?

What is the principal limiting factor in the clinical use of etomidate for induction of anesthesia?

Which drug is similar to etomidate in terms of its effects on cerebral blood flow?

What is the effect of etomidate on mean arterial blood pressure?

Which isomer of etomidate is approximately 5 times as potent as the other?

How does etomidate exert its effects on GABAA receptors?

What is the clearance rate of etomidate compared to propofol?

What is the context-sensitive half-time of etomidate compared to propofol?

Which of the following is a possible mechanism of etomidate-induced myoclonus?

What is the potential consequence of etomidate administration in patients experiencing sepsis or hemorrhage?

Which enzyme is specifically inhibited by etomidate in adrenocortical suppression?

What is the duration of adrenocortical suppression caused by an induction dose of etomidate?

Which phase of the EEG is often coincident with excitatory movements in patients experiencing etomidate-induced myoclonus?

Has seizure-like activity on the EEG been documented in association with etomidate-induced myoclonus?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on myocardial contractility is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on ventilation is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on pain on injection is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on myoclonus is true?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of propofol administration in patients receiving prolonged infusion for sedation in the ICU?

What is the recommended action if metabolic acidosis is suspected in a patient receiving propofol anesthesia?

Which of the following is a potential mechanism for propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

What is the recommended time limit for using an opened ampule of propofol if it is not used immediately?

Which of the following is a characteristic of propofol's chemical structure?

Which of the following is a possible mechanism of etomidate-induced myoclonus?

What is the recommended action if unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

What is the principal limiting factor in the clinical use of etomidate for induction of anesthesia?

Which of the following is true about the antioxidant properties of propofol?

What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

What is the recommended action to decrease the incidence of pain on injection during propofol administration?

What is the effect of subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on pharyngeal contraction force?

Which of the following is true about the metabolism of etomidate?

Which of the following statements about the distribution of etomidate in the body is true?

What is the clearance of etomidate compared to propofol?

What is the terminal elimination half-life of etomidate compared to propofol?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on cerebral blood flow is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on adrenocortical function is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on mean arterial blood pressure is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on seizure activity is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on myocardial contractility is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on ventilation is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on pain on injection is true?

Which of the following is a possible mechanism of etomidate-induced myoclonus?

Which of the following is a possible mechanism of etomidate-induced myoclonus?

What is the duration of adrenocortical suppression caused by an induction dose of etomidate?

Which enzyme is specifically inhibited by etomidate in adrenocortical suppression?

What is the potential consequence of etomidate administration in patients experiencing sepsis or hemorrhage?

Which of the following is a property of propofol that contributes to its neuroprotective effect?

Has seizure-like activity on the EEG been documented in association with etomidate-induced myoclonus?

Which term refers to a drug that induces a state of calm or sleep?

What is the dose range of propofol for intravenous administration?

What is the principal limiting factor in the clinical use of etomidate for induction of anesthesia?

What is the terminal elimination half-life of etomidate compared to propofol?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of propofol administration at room temperature for several days?

Which of the following is a characteristic of propofol's antioxidant properties?

Which of the following is a potential benefit of propofol in disease states such as acute lung injury?

Which of the following is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged propofol infusion for sedation in the ICU?

Which of the following is a characteristic of propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following is true about propofol's effect on bacterial growth?

Which of the following is a recommended practice for handling propofol to prevent bacterial contamination?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on myocardial contractility is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on ventilation is true?

Which of the following statements about pain on injection and venous irritation is true?

Which of the following statements about myoclonus associated with etomidate administration is true?

Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of etomidate is true?

What is the mechanism of action of etomidate?

What is the clearance rate of etomidate compared to propofol?

What is the terminal elimination half-life of etomidate compared to propofol?

Which of the following is a potential mechanism for etomidate-induced myoclonus?

Which of the following statements about the duration of action of etomidate is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of etomidate on cerebral blood flow is true?

Which of the following statements about the cardiovascular effects of etomidate is true?

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of etomidate-induced myoclonus?

What phase of the EEG is often coincident with excitatory movements in patients experiencing etomidate-induced myoclonus?

Which enzyme is inhibited by etomidate, leading to adrenocortical suppression?

How long does adrenocortical suppression caused by an induction dose of etomidate typically last?

What is the potential consequence of etomidate administration in patients experiencing sepsis or hemorrhage?

Which of the following statements about etomidate is true?

Propofol is a benzodiazepine drug.

The term sedative-hypnotic refers to drugs that reversibly depress the activity of the central nervous system (CNS).

Propofol is administered intravenously.

Propofol is chemically distinct from all other drugs that act as IV sedative-hypnotics.

True or false: Etomidate is administered as a single isomer.

True or false: Etomidate primarily acts on GABAA receptors.

True or false: Etomidate is rapidly metabolized by hepatic enzymes.

True or false: Etomidate has a shorter terminal elimination half-life compared to propofol.

Propofol has antioxidant properties that resemble those of vitamin E.

Propofol's neuroprotective effect is primarily due to its antioxidant potential.

Propofol's ability to suppress phagocytosis is related to its peroxynitrite scavenging activity.

Propofol's pain on injection is more commonly reported when injected into a large vein on the hand.

Etomidate has minimal negative inotropic effects on myocardial contractility at clinical concentrations

Etomidate-induced decreases in tidal volume are offset by compensatory increases in the frequency of breathing

Etomidate may stimulate ventilation independently of carbon dioxide levels in the body

Pain on injection and venous irritation are common side effects of etomidate

Propofol can cause severe, refractory, and fatal bradycardia in children in the ICU when used for long-term sedation.

Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been associated with the development of metabolic acidosis.

Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is reversible with discontinuation of propofol administration.

Propofol administration can result in spontaneous excitatory movements of subcortical origin, which are not due to cortical epileptic activity.

True or false: Involuntary myoclonic movements are common during the induction period as a result of alteration in the balance of inhibitory and excitatory influences on the thalamocortical tract.

True or false: Awakening after a single IV dose of etomidate is more rapid than after barbiturates and similar to that of propofol.

True or false: Etomidate produces a pattern on the EEG that is similar to thiopental and propofol.

True or false: Cardiovascular stability is characteristic of induction of anesthesia with 0.3 mg/kg IV of etomidate.

True or false: Etomidate-induced myoclonus is caused by disinhibition of subcortical structures that normally suppress extrapyramidal motor activity.

True or false: Excitatory movements in patients experiencing etomidate-induced myoclonus are often coincident with the early slow phase of the EEG.

True or false: Etomidate-induced myoclonus can occur on awakening if the extrapyramidal system emerges more quickly than the cortex that inhibits it.

True or false: Seizure-like activity on the EEG has been documented in association with etomidate-induced myoclonus.

True or false: Etomidate causes adrenocortical suppression by inhibiting the conversion of cholesterol to cortisol.

True or false: The specific enzyme inhibited by etomidate in adrenocortical suppression is 11-βhydroxylase.

Propofol administration can result in bacterial growth.

Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is reversible with discontinuation of propofol administration.

Propofol administration can result in spontaneous excitatory movements of cortical origin.

Propofol has bactericidal properties against Candida albicans.

True or false: Intravenous sedatives and hypnotics are not commonly used in the practice of anesthesiology.

True or false: Sedatives induce a state of calm or sleep, while hypnotics induce hypnosis or sleep.

True or false: Sedative-hypnotics are drugs that stimulate the activity of the central nervous system (CNS).

True or false: Propofol is chemically distinct from all other drugs that act as IV sedative-hypnotics.

True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E.

True or false: Propofol's phenol ring structure allows it to react with lipid peroxyl radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation.

True or false: Propofol's ability to scavenge peroxynitrite contributes to its known ability to suppress phagocytosis.

True or false: Changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol can decrease the incidence of pain on injection.

True or false: Etomidate is administered as a single isomer.

True or false: Etomidate primarily acts on GABA receptors.

True or false: Etomidate is highly bound to albumin in the plasma.

True or false: Etomidate has a longer terminal elimination half-life compared to propofol.

True or false: Involuntary myoclonic movements are common during the induction period as a result of alteration in the balance of inhibitory and excitatory influences on the thalamocortical tract.

True or false: Awakening after a single IV dose of etomidate is more rapid than after barbiturates and similar to that of propofol.

True or false: Etomidate produces a pattern on the EEG that is similar to thiopental and propofol.

True or false: Cardiovascular stability is characteristic of induction of anesthesia with 0.3 mg/kg IV of etomidate.

True or false: Etomidate has minimal negative inotropic effects on myocardial contractility at clinical concentrations.

True or false: Etomidate may stimulate ventilation independently of carbon dioxide levels in the body.

True or false: Propofol administration can result in spontaneous excitatory movements of subcortical origin, which are not due to cortical epileptic activity.

True or false: Etomidate's pain on injection and venous irritation can be virtually eliminated by using a lipid emulsion vehicle.

True or false: Etomidate-induced myoclonus is caused by disinhibition of subcortical structures that normally suppress extrapyramidal motor activity.

True or false: Excitatory movements during etomidate-induced myoclonus are coincident with the early slow phase of the EEG.

True or false: Myoclonus could occur on awakening if the extrapyramidal system emerges more quickly than the cortex that inhibits it.

True or false: Seizure-like activity on the EEG has been documented in association with etomidate-induced myoclonus.

True or false: Etomidate causes adrenocortical suppression by inhibiting the conversion of cholesterol to cortisol.

True or false: The enzyme specifically inhibited by etomidate in adrenocortical suppression is 11-βhydroxylase.

True or false: Intravenous sedatives and hypnotics are not important in the practice of anesthesiology.

True or false: Sedatives induce a state of calm or sleep.

True or false: Sedative-hypnotics can only be used to allay anxiety with minimal sedation.

True or false: Propofol is chemically distinct from all other drugs that act as IV sedative-hypnotics.

True or false: Etomidate is administered orally for transmucosal delivery?

True or false: Etomidate is metabolized by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester side chain?

True or false: Etomidate primarily acts on GABAA receptors?

True or false: The Vd of etomidate is larger than that of propofol?

True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties that resemble those of vitamin E.

True or false: Propofol's ability to scavenge peroxynitrite contributes to its known ability to suppress phagocytosis.

True or false: Propofol administration can result in spontaneous excitatory movements of cortical origin.

True or false: Etomidate-induced decreases in tidal volume are offset by compensatory increases in the frequency of breathing.

Propofol can cause severe, refractory, and fatal bradycardia in children in the ICU.

Metabolic acidosis can occur with short-term infusions of propofol.

Propofol-induced lactic acidosis can be differentiated from hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis by measuring the anion gap and individual measurements of anions and organic acids.

Propofol administration can support the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

True or false: Involuntary myoclonic movements during the induction period are a result of inhibitory influences on the thalamocortical tract?

True or false: Etomidate is a potent direct cerebral vasoconstrictor?

True or false: Etomidate causes a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure?

True or false: Propofol causes a greater decline in mean arterial pressure than etomidate during induction of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery?

True or false: Etomidate causes dose-dependent decreases in developed tension in isolated cardiac muscle.

True or false: Etomidate-induced decreases in tidal volume are offset by compensatory increases in the frequency of breathing.

True or false: Pain on injection and venous irritation has been virtually eliminated with use of etomidate in a lipid emulsion vehicle.

True or false: The incidence and intensity of myoclonus following the administration of etomidate is dose related.

True or false: Etomidate-induced myoclonus is caused by disinhibition of subcortical structures that normally suppress extrapyramidal motor activity.

True or false: Etomidate primarily acts on GABAA receptors.

True or false: Etomidate administration can lead to adrenocortical suppression.

True or false: Etomidate-induced myoclonus is associated with seizure-like activity on the EEG.

True or false: Etomidate has minimal negative inotropic effects on myocardial contractility.

True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E.