Propofol

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Questions and Answers

Which class of pharmacologic agents is central to the practice of anesthesiology?

Antidepressants

Anticoagulants

Intravenous sedatives and hypnotics (correct)

Antibiotics

What is the term used for a drug that induces a state of calm or sleep?

Anxiolytic

Hypnotic

Antipsychotic

Sedative (correct)

What is the term used for a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep?

Anxiolytic

Sedative

Antipsychotic

Hypnotic (correct)

Which of the following is a property of propofol?

It has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

Pain on injection Signup and view all the answers

How does propofol contribute to the suppression of phagocytosis?

By scavenging peroxynitrite Signup and view all the answers

What effect does subhypnotic concentrations of propofol have on pharyngeal contraction force?

It decreases pharyngeal contraction force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of propofol sedation in children in the ICU?

Development of metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory evaluation is recommended when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential mechanism for sporadic propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

Poisoning of the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a drug that induces a state of calm or sleep?

Sedative Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical composition of propofol?

Substituted isopropylphenol Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is used for propofol?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended concentration of propofol for intravenous administration?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sedative-hypnotics?

To induce general anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sedative-hypnotic?

Lidocaine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the solution used for propofol administration?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe drugs that reversibly depress the activity of the central nervous system?

Sedative-hypnotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects has been observed in children in the ICU with long-term propofol sedation?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential mechanism for sporadic propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended laboratory evaluation when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

Arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

Disinfecting the ampule neck surface with isopropyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of prolonged propofol infusion for a craniotomy?

Cardiogenic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the spontaneous excitatory movements of subcortical origin associated with propofol administration?

Myoclonus Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported incidence of excitatory movements and associated electrocardiogram changes after propofol administration?

Low Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the intense dreaming activity, amorous behavior, and hallucinations reported during recovery from low-dose infusions of propofol?

Emergence phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the contents of an opened ampule of propofol if they are not used?

12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the tubing and any unused portion of propofol in the ICU?

12 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential benefit of propofol in disease states such as acute lung injury?

Propofol has antioxidant properties that can inhibit lipid peroxidation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

Pain on injection Signup and view all the answers

How can the incidence of pain on propofol injection be decreased?

Preceding propofol with 1% lidocaine or a potent short-acting opioid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of accidental intra-arterial injection of propofol?

Severe pain and no vascular compromise Signup and view all the answers

How do subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane affect pharyngeal contraction force?

Decrease pharyngeal contraction force Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential mechanism for propofol's neuroprotective effect?

Scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of propofol's antioxidant properties in relation to phagocytosis?

Propofol can scavenge peroxynitrite and suppress phagocytosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

Decreasing the incidence of pain on injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of reintroducing molecular oxygen into previously ischemic tissues?

Formation of free oxygen radicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of oxygen reacting with polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes?

Disruption of cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is administered intravenously?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is chemically distinct from other IV sedative-hypnotics?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol can be used to induce general anesthesia?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is administered as a 1% solution?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is administered in a solution containing soybean oil and egg phosphatide?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is commonly used for longer than 24 hours?

False Signup and view all the answers

Propofol has a similar dose equivalent to thiopental?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol can be administered at a rate of 75 μg/kg/minute?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is a γ-Aminobutyric Acid Agonist?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol sedation has been observed to cause severe and fatal bradycardia in children in the ICU.

True Signup and view all the answers

Short-term infusions of propofol have been associated with the development of metabolic acidosis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Measurement of arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations is recommended when tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia.

True Signup and view all the answers

Metabolic acidosis caused by propofol administration is reversible with discontinuation of the drug.

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is believed to be caused by impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids.

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol-induced seizures during anesthesia are thought to be due to cortical epileptic activity.

False Signup and view all the answers

Propofol does not produce seizure activity on the EEG when administered to patients with epilepsy.

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol has been reported to have addictive potential.

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol strongly supports the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

True Signup and view all the answers

An aseptic technique should be used when handling propofol to prevent bacterial growth.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol can remain sterile at room temperature for several days when drawn into an uncapped syringe?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol's phenol ring structure allows it to inhibit lipid peroxidation by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol scavenges peroxynitrite, which is a potent bactericidal agent?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol's antioxidant potential contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol may be beneficial in disease states like acute lung injury?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol strongly attenuates lipid peroxidation during coronary artery bypass graft surgery?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Pain on injection is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Preceding propofol with 1% lidocaine or a potent short-acting opioid can decrease the incidence of pain on injection?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol can decrease the incidence of pain on injection?

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is a type of intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug.

True Signup and view all the answers

Sedative refers to a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep.

False Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is chemically distinct from all other drugs that act as IV sedative-hypnotics.

True Signup and view all the answers

Propofol is administered intravenously as a 1% solution in soybean oil and egg phosphatide.

False Signup and view all the answers

Propofol can be used to induce general anesthesia.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Long-term propofol sedation in children in the ICU has been associated with severe and fatal bradycardia.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been linked to the development of metabolic acidosis.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is reversible with discontinuation of propofol administration.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol-induced seizures during induction or emergence from anesthesia are due to cortical epileptic activity.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol strongly supports the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties that resemble those of vitamin E?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol reacts with lipid peroxyl radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol's antioxidant potential is at least partially related to its phenol ring structure?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol's peroxynitrite-scavenging activity contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol decreases the incidence of pain on injection?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep?

Hypnotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the tubing and any unused portion of propofol in the ICU?

24 hours Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Preceding propofol with 1% lidocaine or a potent short-acting opioid can decrease the incidence of pain on injection?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the intense dreaming activity, amorous behavior, and hallucinations reported during recovery from low-dose infusions of propofol?

Emergence phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

Decreased bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect has been associated with short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia?

Metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory evaluation is recommended when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

Measurement of arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential mechanism for propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

Impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the differential diagnosis when propofol-induced lactic acidosis is suspected?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the contents of an opened ampule of propofol if they are not used?

6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential benefit of propofol's antioxidant properties?

Attenuation of lipid peroxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

Pain on injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on pharyngeal function?

Decrease in pharyngeal contraction force Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported incidence of thrombosis or phlebitis associated with propofol administration?

Less than 1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

Decrease in pain on injection Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep?

Hypnotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical composition of propofol?

2,6-diisopropylphenol Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of propofol for rapid IV injection?

75 μg/kg/minute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the aqueous solution of propofol?

Thiopental Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe drugs that reduce anxiety?

Anxiolytic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sedative-hypnotics?

To depress CNS activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse events has been associated with long-term propofol sedation in children in the ICU?

Fatal Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended laboratory evaluation when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

Measurement of arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential mechanism for propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

Impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged propofol infusion for a craniotomy?

Cardiogenic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reported adverse event during recovery from low-dose infusions of propofol?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

Disinfect the ampule neck surface or vial rubber stopper with 70% isopropyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of oxygen reacting with polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes?

Formation of free oxygen radicals Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been linked to the development of metabolic acidosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

Use an aseptic technique when drawing propofol into a syringe Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol's antioxidant potential contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is used for propofol?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Pain on injection is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Propofol may be beneficial in disease states like acute lung injury?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

Decreased incidence of pain on injection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anesthesiology and Propofol

Anesthesiology is closely related to sedative-hypnotic drugs, which induce a state of calm or sleep.
Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug commonly used in anesthesiology.

Propofol Characteristics

Propofol is a type of intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug.
It is chemically distinct from other IV sedative-hypnotics.
Propofol is administered intravenously as a 1% solution in soybean oil and egg phosphatide.
It can be used to induce general anesthesia.

Adverse Effects and Contraindications

Pain on injection is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients.
Long-term propofol sedation in children in the ICU has been associated with severe and fatal bradycardia.
Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been linked to the development of metabolic acidosis.
Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is reversible with discontinuation of propofol administration.

Pharmacology and Mechanisms

Propofol has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E.
Its phenol ring structure allows it to inhibit lipid peroxidation by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals.
Propofol scavenges peroxynitrite, which is a potent bactericidal agent.
Propofol's antioxidant potential contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis.

Handling and Storage

Propofol can support the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
An aseptic technique should be used when handling propofol to prevent bacterial growth.
Discard the contents of an opened ampule of propofol if not used within a recommended timeframe.
Discard the tubing and any unused portion of propofol in the ICU within a recommended timeframe.

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Description

Test your knowledge on IV sedatives and hypnotics in anesthesiology with this quiz! From anxiolysis to general anesthesia, this class of drugs plays a crucial role in the practice. Challenge yourself and learn more about their uses, effects, and administration.