Propofol
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Questions and Answers

Which class of pharmacologic agents is central to the practice of anesthesiology?

  • Antidepressants
  • Anticoagulants
  • Intravenous sedatives and hypnotics (correct)
  • Antibiotics

    • What is the term used for a drug that induces a state of calm or sleep?

  • Anxiolytic
  • Hypnotic
  • Antipsychotic
  • Sedative (correct)

    • What is the term used for a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep?

  • Anxiolytic
  • Sedative
  • Antipsychotic
  • Hypnotic (correct)

    • Which of the following is a property of propofol?

    <p>It has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

    <p>Pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does propofol contribute to the suppression of phagocytosis?

    <p>By scavenging peroxynitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does subhypnotic concentrations of propofol have on pharyngeal contraction force?

    <p>It decreases pharyngeal contraction force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of propofol sedation in children in the ICU?

    <p>Development of metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory evaluation is recommended when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential mechanism for sporadic propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Poisoning of the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a drug that induces a state of calm or sleep?

    <p>Sedative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical composition of propofol?

    <p>Substituted isopropylphenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is used for propofol?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended concentration of propofol for intravenous administration?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sedative-hypnotics?

    <p>To induce general anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sedative-hypnotic?

    <p>Lidocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the solution used for propofol administration?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that reversibly depress the activity of the central nervous system?

    <p>Sedative-hypnotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects has been observed in children in the ICU with long-term propofol sedation?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential mechanism for sporadic propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended laboratory evaluation when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

    <p>Arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

    <p>Disinfecting the ampule neck surface with isopropyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of prolonged propofol infusion for a craniotomy?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the spontaneous excitatory movements of subcortical origin associated with propofol administration?

    <p>Myoclonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported incidence of excitatory movements and associated electrocardiogram changes after propofol administration?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the intense dreaming activity, amorous behavior, and hallucinations reported during recovery from low-dose infusions of propofol?

    <p>Emergence phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the contents of an opened ampule of propofol if they are not used?

    <p>12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the tubing and any unused portion of propofol in the ICU?

    <p>12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of propofol in disease states such as acute lung injury?

    <p>Propofol has antioxidant properties that can inhibit lipid peroxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

    <p>Pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the incidence of pain on propofol injection be decreased?

    <p>Preceding propofol with 1% lidocaine or a potent short-acting opioid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of accidental intra-arterial injection of propofol?

    <p>Severe pain and no vascular compromise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane affect pharyngeal contraction force?

    <p>Decrease pharyngeal contraction force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential mechanism for propofol's neuroprotective effect?

    <p>Scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of propofol's antioxidant properties in relation to phagocytosis?

    <p>Propofol can scavenge peroxynitrite and suppress phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

    <p>Decreasing the incidence of pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of reintroducing molecular oxygen into previously ischemic tissues?

    <p>Formation of free oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of oxygen reacting with polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes?

    <p>Disruption of cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is administered intravenously?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is chemically distinct from other IV sedative-hypnotics?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol can be used to induce general anesthesia?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is administered as a 1% solution?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is administered in a solution containing soybean oil and egg phosphatide?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is commonly used for longer than 24 hours?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol has a similar dose equivalent to thiopental?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol can be administered at a rate of 75 μg/kg/minute?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is a γ-Aminobutyric Acid Agonist?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol sedation has been observed to cause severe and fatal bradycardia in children in the ICU.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short-term infusions of propofol have been associated with the development of metabolic acidosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Measurement of arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations is recommended when tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metabolic acidosis caused by propofol administration is reversible with discontinuation of the drug.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is believed to be caused by impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol-induced seizures during anesthesia are thought to be due to cortical epileptic activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol does not produce seizure activity on the EEG when administered to patients with epilepsy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol has been reported to have addictive potential.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol strongly supports the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An aseptic technique should be used when handling propofol to prevent bacterial growth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol can remain sterile at room temperature for several days when drawn into an uncapped syringe?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol's phenol ring structure allows it to inhibit lipid peroxidation by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol scavenges peroxynitrite, which is a potent bactericidal agent?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol's antioxidant potential contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol may be beneficial in disease states like acute lung injury?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol strongly attenuates lipid peroxidation during coronary artery bypass graft surgery?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pain on injection is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Preceding propofol with 1% lidocaine or a potent short-acting opioid can decrease the incidence of pain on injection?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol can decrease the incidence of pain on injection?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is a type of intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sedative refers to a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is chemically distinct from all other drugs that act as IV sedative-hypnotics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol is administered intravenously as a 1% solution in soybean oil and egg phosphatide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propofol can be used to induce general anesthesia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Long-term propofol sedation in children in the ICU has been associated with severe and fatal bradycardia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been linked to the development of metabolic acidosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is reversible with discontinuation of propofol administration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol-induced seizures during induction or emergence from anesthesia are due to cortical epileptic activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol strongly supports the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol has antioxidant properties that resemble those of vitamin E?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol reacts with lipid peroxyl radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol's antioxidant potential is at least partially related to its phenol ring structure?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol's peroxynitrite-scavenging activity contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol decreases the incidence of pain on injection?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep?

    <p>Hypnotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the tubing and any unused portion of propofol in the ICU?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Preceding propofol with 1% lidocaine or a potent short-acting opioid can decrease the incidence of pain on injection?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the intense dreaming activity, amorous behavior, and hallucinations reported during recovery from low-dose infusions of propofol?

    <p>Emergence phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

    <p>Decreased bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect has been associated with short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory evaluation is recommended when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

    <p>Measurement of arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential mechanism for propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the differential diagnosis when propofol-induced lactic acidosis is suspected?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeframe for discarding the contents of an opened ampule of propofol if they are not used?

    <p>6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of propofol's antioxidant properties?

    <p>Attenuation of lipid peroxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

    <p>Pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on pharyngeal function?

    <p>Decrease in pharyngeal contraction force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported incidence of thrombosis or phlebitis associated with propofol administration?

    <p>Less than 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

    <p>Decrease in pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a drug that induces hypnosis or sleep?

    <p>Hypnotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical composition of propofol?

    <p>2,6-diisopropylphenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of propofol for rapid IV injection?

    <p>75 μg/kg/minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the aqueous solution of propofol?

    <p>Thiopental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe drugs that reduce anxiety?

    <p>Anxiolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sedative-hypnotics?

    <p>To depress CNS activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse events has been associated with long-term propofol sedation in children in the ICU?

    <p>Fatal Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended laboratory evaluation when unexpected tachycardia occurs during propofol anesthesia?

    <p>Measurement of arterial blood gases and serum lactate concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential mechanism for propofol-induced metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged propofol infusion for a craniotomy?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reported adverse event during recovery from low-dose infusions of propofol?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

    <p>Disinfect the ampule neck surface or vial rubber stopper with 70% isopropyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of oxygen reacting with polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes?

    <p>Formation of free oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been linked to the development of metabolic acidosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended handling technique for propofol to prevent bacterial growth?

    <p>Use an aseptic technique when drawing propofol into a syringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol's antioxidant potential contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is used for propofol?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Pain on injection is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Propofol may be beneficial in disease states like acute lung injury?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of changing the composition of the carrier fat emulsion for propofol?

    <p>Decreased incidence of pain on injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anesthesiology and Propofol

    • Anesthesiology is closely related to sedative-hypnotic drugs, which induce a state of calm or sleep.
    • Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic drug commonly used in anesthesiology.

    Propofol Characteristics

    • Propofol is a type of intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug.
    • It is chemically distinct from other IV sedative-hypnotics.
    • Propofol is administered intravenously as a 1% solution in soybean oil and egg phosphatide.
    • It can be used to induce general anesthesia.

    Adverse Effects and Contraindications

    • Pain on injection is the most commonly reported adverse event associated with propofol administration to awake patients.
    • Long-term propofol sedation in children in the ICU has been associated with severe and fatal bradycardia.
    • Short-term infusions of propofol for surgical anesthesia have been linked to the development of metabolic acidosis.
    • Propofol-induced metabolic acidosis is reversible with discontinuation of propofol administration.

    Pharmacology and Mechanisms

    • Propofol has antioxidant properties similar to vitamin E.
    • Its phenol ring structure allows it to inhibit lipid peroxidation by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals.
    • Propofol scavenges peroxynitrite, which is a potent bactericidal agent.
    • Propofol's antioxidant potential contributes to its ability to suppress phagocytosis.

    Handling and Storage

    • Propofol can support the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    • An aseptic technique should be used when handling propofol to prevent bacterial growth.
    • Discard the contents of an opened ampule of propofol if not used within a recommended timeframe.
    • Discard the tubing and any unused portion of propofol in the ICU within a recommended timeframe.

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