Ethics in Healthcare and Human Rights

<p>It helps to understand the ethical considerations of public health interventions that might affect individuals differently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People-centered perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing healthy conditions for the population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to health services is a fundamental right (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing treatment plans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk factor identification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enforcing laws and regulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular health checkups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimental study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compare past exposures of individuals defined by disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selection bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Median (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total cases, including both new and existing cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informed consent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P/(N-P) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Describing the disease by time, place, and person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves developing new data and requires comparison groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Randomized controlled trials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estimating demographic factors of a newly observed disease outbreak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newly gathered data for testing hypotheses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative effectiveness of treatments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort study tracking health outcomes over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk among exposed compared to risk among non-exposed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Odds of disease occurrence for exposed versus non-exposed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Death rate in the entire population without adjustment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Number of deaths divided by the number of infected individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal healthcare and insurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence healthcare access and equity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal coverage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct and coordinate health matters internationally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine health policy for individual countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health promotion and disease prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide science-based objectives and targets for health improvements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They coordinate statewide public health initiatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducting global health research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By facilitating communication and partnerships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of health-related states in populations to control health problems.

Used when little is known about the disease, describing who, where, and when.

Used to test hypotheses with comparisons between groups.

The relationship between exposure to a factor and health outcomes.

Research where the epidemiologist controls circumstances to observe outcomes.

Research without intervention, just observing outcomes and exposures.

Patterns identified in how diseases appear over time.

Actions taken to improve public health outcomes based on epidemiological findings.

Focus on population health promotion, control, and prevention.

Focus on individual diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient care.

Belief that health services access is a fundamental right.

Assessment, policy development, and assurance of health services.

Approaches to prevent illness: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary.

Prevents disease before it occurs; examples include vaccinations.

Identifies disease early; examples include screenings like mammograms.

Manages and rehabilitates those with existing conditions.

Individuals are defined by exposure and followed for disease outcomes.

Individuals defined by disease and exposures are compared.

Populations defined by exposure and disease at a single time.

Individuals defined by exposure and disease at one time point.

Model consisting of host, agent, and environment interactions.

Ensuring informed consent and minimizing harm in studies.

Systematic error due to unrepresentative sample selection.

Total number of cases (old + new) in a population.

The ethical principle of doing good for patients.

The ethical principle of not causing harm to patients.

The principle of fairness in distributing healthcare resources.

Viewing healthcare primarily as a market-driven service.

The approach that asserts healthcare is essential for all individuals.

Ratio of risk among exposed individuals to risk among non-exposed individuals.

Odds of disease in exposed individuals divided by odds in non-exposed individuals.

Probability that the observed results happened by chance if the null hypothesis is true.

The number of deaths in a specified population over a given time period.

The overall death rate in an entire population.

The rate at which deaths occur for a specific cause within a population.

Proportion of deaths from a specific disease among all diagnosed cases.

Healthcare system that provides health services to all individuals regardless of ability to pay.

The directing and coordinating authority for health within the UN system, established in 1948.

Head of the World Health Organization, appointed by the World Health Assembly.

Leadership, research, standards, policy opinions, support, and health monitoring.

The premier national agency focused on health promotion, prevention, and preparedness in the U.S.

Part of the CDC, responsible for collecting and analyzing health data.

Aims to improve national health through science-based objectives and tracking outcomes.

Include state, federal, local, tribal, and territorial agencies for health services delivery.

Promotes human rights, humanitarian aid, and sustainable development globally.