Ethics for the Information Age Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What are the key catalysts for change in the Information Age?

  • High-speed communication networks and low-cost computers (correct)
  • Increased digital storage and cloud computing
  • Advanced programming languages and artificial intelligence
  • Social media platforms and online education
  • Which of the following products is NOT mentioned as a typical product of the Information Age?

  • Video streaming services
  • 3D printers (correct)
  • Self-driving cars
  • Smartphones
  • Which technological advancement is identified as part of the modern era?

  • Voice-activated digital assistants (correct)
  • Analog cameras
  • Traditional landline phones
  • Paper-based filing systems
  • What role do low-cost computers play in the Information Age?

    <p>They provide unprecedented access to information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of high-speed communication networks?

    <p>They increase the speed of information transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do new technologies contribute to the Information Age?

    <p>They are a major factor in revolutionizing communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Samsung Galaxy S9 Plus functions in various capacities. Which of the following is one of those capacities?

    <p>Video recorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Information Age mentioned in the content?

    <p>Unprecedented access to information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a search engine?

    <p>To search through a database of documents based on user keywords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of cloud storage?

    <p>Automatic backups of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PageRank measure in the context of search engines?

    <p>The quality and importance of a web page based on linking pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant concerns regarding the use of credit cards?

    <p>They increase the possibility of identity theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue arises from the digitization of copyrighted content?

    <p>It allows for the creation of perfect copies that can be easily distributed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the adoption of calculators in the late 19th century have on bookkeeping?

    <p>Led to a decrease in the need for bookkeeping skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is credited with facilitating the rapid industrialization and economic expansion during the Gilded Age?

    <p>Mechanical calculators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the advancement of technologies like the web create new societal challenges?

    <p>Increased exposure to inappropriate content for children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of technology altering society post-adoption?

    <p>It can cause physical and psychological dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of cash registers was specifically designed to tackle embezzlement in department stores?

    <p>A bell that rang when opened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did early computers like I.B.M. machines play during the Nazi regime in Germany?

    <p>They were used for censuses and generating lists of Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transition occurred due to the increasing efficiency brought about by mechanical calculators?

    <p>The feminization of bookkeeping roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation allowed categories to be sorted and subtotals calculated effectively during late 19th century data processing?

    <p>Punched cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant advancement of the E.N.I.A.C. compared to previous computing models?

    <p>It was the first electronic stored-program computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary benefit of the IBM System/360?

    <p>It allowed for program compatibility across different models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language was primarily designed for scientific applications?

    <p>FORTRAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main advantage did integrated circuits have over individual components?

    <p>They combined multiple components into a single unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role did the Homebrew Computer Club play in the development of personal computers?

    <p>It facilitated the spread of software and knowledge among hobbyists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the microprocessor and when?

    <p>Intel in 1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology did the telegraph primarily replace?

    <p>Semaphore signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable impact of the telephone in society?

    <p>It blurred the boundary between public and private life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product was notable for its spreadsheet capabilities during the rise of personal computers?

    <p>VisiCalc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancement did packet-switching provide over circuit-switching?

    <p>It improved the speed of communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these was an early use of radio technology?

    <p>Wireless telegraphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who contributed to the early development of email functionality?

    <p>Roberts and Tomlinson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology did the National Science Foundation primarily develop?

    <p>NSFNET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has contributed significantly to the rise of cloud computing?

    <p>High-speed networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country currently has the highest typical broadband speed?

    <p>South Korea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of Gutenberg's printing press?

    <p>To use movable metal type for publishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main impact of newspapers during the American Revolution?

    <p>They unified colonies and influenced public opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the concept of hypertext and coined the term itself?

    <p>Ted Nelson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant advancement did the introduction of the codex provide compared to earlier methods of book storage?

    <p>Easier access to specific passages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of Infrastructure as a Service?

    <p>Google Cloud Platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant result of the printing press during the Reformation?

    <p>It allowed for the rapid dissemination of religious texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to the Information Age

    • Characterized by unprecedented access to information facilitated by low-cost computers and high-speed communication networks.
    • Emerging technologies include smartphones, video streaming services, voice-activated assistants, drones, and self-driving cars.

    Milestones in Computing

    • Early calculators included tools like clay tablets, the abacus, and mathematical tables.
    • Significant advancements were made with mechanical calculators in the 17th to 19th centuries, impacting industries such as insurance.
    • The rise of new corporations in the Gilded Age necessitated reliable information, increasing calculator sales and leading to "deskilling" of bookkeeping roles.
    • Cash registers developed in response to department store needs for accurate sales tracking, helping root out clerical fraud.

    Advancement of Data Processing Technologies

    • Punched cards were adopted by early institutions like the U.S. Bureau of the Census for data tabulation.
    • The development of commercial computers began in the 1940s, with machines like UNIVAC predicting election outcomes.
    • Programming languages evolved from machine language to higher-level languages like FORTRAN and COBOL, enabling broader applications.

    Network Development

    • Innovations in telecommunication began with the invention of the telegraph, which expanded to a vast network by the late 19th century.
    • The telephone blurred public and private life boundaries, ushering in new social dynamics.
    • Networking technology evolved significantly in the 20th century with ARPANET's inception leading to the development of the Internet.

    The Role of Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing emerged as a service model, allowing remote access to computing resources.
    • Key enablers include high-speed internet, virtualization, and massive data centers benefiting from economies of scale.
    • Examples include Microsoft Office 365, AWS, and Google Cloud, providing flexible and scalable computing solutions.

    Milestones in Information Storage and Retrieval

    • The Greek alphabet marked the transition from oral to written culture, paving the way for more efficient communication.
    • The codex and printing press revolutionized book storage and distribution, enhancing literacy and mass communication during significant historical events like the Reformation.
    • Hypertext, graphical user interfaces, and the World Wide Web transformed how users interact with information digitally.

    Search Engines and Cloud Storage

    • Search engines revolutionized information retrieval, with Google indexing billions of web pages and employing algorithms like PageRank for efficiency.
    • Cloud storage allows remote access to data across devices, with services like Dropbox and Google Drive offering convenient and scalable storage solutions.

    Information Technology Issues

    • The digitization of content has led to widespread issues with copyright infringement and illegal downloading.
    • Cloud storage introduces concerns regarding data security and the ownership of information, particularly for financial transactions.### Loan Applications
    • Credit history serves as the primary basis for loan approval, eliminating the need for personal interviews.
    • Offers lower interest rates but with reduced flexibility in terms of repayment options.

    Computers in Embedded Devices

    • Questions arise about liability when embedded systems fail and cause harm to individuals.

    Telecommuting

    • Provides significant time savings and allows for more adaptable work schedules.
    • Potential risk of teleworkers being overlooked for promotions compared to in-office employees.

    Improved Global Communication Network

    • Enhances companies' ability to market their products worldwide.
    • Facilitates the outsourcing of jobs outside of the U.S.
    • Raises ethical concerns regarding the working conditions in factories in developing nations for IT consumers.

    Social Media

    • Acts as a platform for promoting democratic ideas and civic engagement.
    • Can also be utilized by authoritarian regimes to suppress dissent and maintain control.

    The Information Age

    • Characterized by a rich history of information technology development, reflecting centuries of progress.
    • Social conditions often inspire new technological advancements.
    • The impact of technology adoption can lead to significant societal transformations.
    • Computing professionals bear the responsibility of being mindful of their role in shaping future technology and its implications.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts introduced in Chapter 1 of 'Ethics for the Information Age.' This chapter discusses the catalysts for change in computing, networking, and information storage, emphasizing the unprecedented access to information in the modern era. Dive into the milestones and issues that define our technological environment.

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