Questions and Answers
The Information Age is characterized by unprecedented access to ______.
information
Catalysts for change in the Information Age include low-cost computers and high-speed ______.
communication networks
New technologies such as smartphones and video streaming ______ continue to emerge.
services
Self-driving cars are one of the exciting advancements in the ______.
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The Samsung Galaxy S9 Plus is a product that functions as a phone, text messenger, email client, and ______.
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Voice-activated digital assistants are examples of ______ technologies.
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Low-cost ______ have contributed significantly to the advancements in the Information Age.
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High-speed communication networks enable quicker access to ______.
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In the year 1950, only a handful of electronic digital ______ existed.
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Today, we are surrounded by networked devices containing embedded ______.
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Getting information from technology can cause the release of ______ in the brain.
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The advent of automobiles provided greater ______ but also led to traffic jams.
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Modern web technologies support ______ retrieval tools.
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The cash register was a response to the problems of keeping accurate sales records and preventing ______.
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In the late 19th century, punched cards were used for ______ processing systems.
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The first commercial computer, U N I V A C, was delivered to the U.S. Bureau of the ______.
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I B M's expansion in Germany in the 1930s saw it engage with the Nazi ______.
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The E N I A C was one of the earliest computers that had its program stored in ______.
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Google's search engine uses a system known as ______ to measure the importance and quality of web pages.
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Cloud storage simplifies accessing files from multiple ______.
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Information technology devices include tablets, smartphones, and ______.
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The convenience of credit cards increases the possibility of ______.
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The rise of social media creates a potential conduit for ______ ideas.
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The first higher-level programming language designed for scientific applications is ______.
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The ______ is a computer inside a semiconductor chip invented in 1970 at Intel.
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The ______ allowed multiple users to connect to a computer via terminals.
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The technology that replaced vacuum tubes and was invented at Bell Labs is called a ______.
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The ______ is a standardized programming language designed for business applications.
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In the early days of computing, the ______ was used to educate people on how to use computers.
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The invention of the integrated circuit at Fairchild Semiconductor and Texas Instruments led to components that were ______.
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The ______ was the first line funded by the U.S. government to connect Washington, D.C. to Baltimore.
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Alexander Graham Bell is known for constructing the first ______.
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The ______ created by Gates and Allen helped popularize personal computing.
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Tomlinson wrote software to send, receive ______ messages.
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The Internet uses the ______ protocol for communication.
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Broadband connections make it feasible to transfer very large ______.
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The first cell phone appeared in ______.
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Cloud computing allows utilization of remote computing resources over the ______.
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The first true alphabet with 24 characters was developed by the ______.
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Gutenberg's printing press was based on movable ______ type.
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Vannevar Bush envisioned a device called ______.
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The first widely used web browser was called ______.
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Wi-Fi is the most common ______ technology.
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Study Notes
Introduction to the Information Age
- Characterized by unprecedented access to information due to low-cost computers and high-speed networks.
- Emerging technologies impact everyday life, including smartphones and self-driving cars.
Milestones in Computing
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Aids to Manual Calculating:
- Tools have evolved from ancient clay tablets to mechanical calculators like the Arithmometer and Scheutzes' printing calculator.
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Social Change and Market for Calculators:
- Industrialization in the Gilded Age created demands for efficient bookkeeping tools, leading to the widespread adoption of calculators.
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Cash Registers:
- Developed in response to department stores' needs to maintain accurate sales records and prevent theft.
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Punched Card Tabulation:
- Introduced in the late 19th century, revolutionizing data processing for organizations like the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Impact of Early Computing
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I.B.M. and World Events:
- I.B.M. played a controversial role during the Holocaust by aiding the Nazi regime in census efforts.
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First Commercial Computers:
- The UNIVAC propelled the computing industry forward, predicting the 1952 Presidential election results.
Development of Programming Languages
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Higher-Level Languages:
- Assembly language and FORTRAN facilitated complex program creation, followed by COBOL for business applications.
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Time-Sharing Systems:
- Enabled multiple users to access mainframe computers simultaneously, making computing more accessible.
Evolution of Hardware
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Transistors:
- Invented in 1948, these replaced vacuum tubes, leading to smaller, more reliable computers.
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Integrated Circuits:
- Combined multiple components into a single chip, enhancing speed and reducing costs.
The Rise of Personal Computing
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Microprocessors:
- Invented in 1970, these made personal computers feasible, catalyzing a computing revolution.
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Notable Computers:
- The Altair 8800 and the Apple I drove home computer popularity in the late 1970s.
Networking Milestones
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Telegraph and Telephone:
- The telegraph revolutionized communication in the 19th century, while the telephone blurred lines between public and private lives.
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ARPANET:
- Established by the Department of Defense, it laid the groundwork for the modern Internet with decentralized communication and packet-switching technology.
Internet Development
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Creation of E-Mail:
- Developed by Tomlinson, it became a vital communication tool alongside the growth of networking technologies.
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Google and Search Engines:
- Revolutionized information retrieval on the Internet, utilizing PageRank for better search results.
Storage and Retrieval Innovations
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Transition from Oral to Written Culture:
- Greek alphabet development represented a shift in information recording, allowing for efficient written communication.
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Gutenberg's Printing Press:
- Mass-produced texts, facilitating widespread literacy and the spread of ideas, particularly during the Reformation.
The Cloud Computing Era
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Cloud Technology:
- Enables remote data storage and access over the Internet, supporting flexible and scalable computing solutions like those from AWS and Microsoft Azure.
Information Technology Issues
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Copyright Piracy:
- The ease of digital duplication spurred illegal downloading, with significant impact on media industries.
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Cloud Storage Security:
- Raises questions about data safety and ownership, especially regarding personal information and financial transactions.### Loan Applications
- Evaluate credit history instead of conducting personal interviews for approval.
- Offer lower interest rates, but with reduced flexibility for borrowers.
Computers in Embedded Devices
- Liability concerns arise when embedded systems fail and cause harm to humans.
Telecommuting
- Enables time-saving and flexible work hours for employees.
- Raises questions about whether teleworkers are disadvantaged regarding promotions.
Global Communication Network
- Facilitates companies' ability to sell products worldwide.
- Companies can relocate jobs outside of the U.S. as a result of enhanced connectivity.
- Ethical considerations about work conditions in factories in developing countries.
Social Media
- Acts as a platform for democratic ideas and discourse.
- Can be exploited by totalitarian regimes as a tool for control and propaganda.
Information Age Overview
- Current era known as the Information Age, marked by the transformation of technology.
- Modern devices result from centuries of technological advancements.
- Social dynamics drive the emergence of new technologies and their adoption can reshape society.
- Computing professionals hold a responsibility to thoughtfully contribute to future technological developments.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this quiz based on Chapter 1 of 'Ethics for the Information Age'. Explore key milestones in computing, networking, and information storage as well as various issues related to information technology. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the catalysts for change in the Information Age.
