Ethics and Spirituality Exam Review
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of distributive justice?

  • It emphasizes the importance of individual contributions to society. (correct)
  • It aims to provide essential needs to those in need.
  • It uses the concept of a 'veil of ignorance' to promote fairness.
  • It focuses on ensuring a fair distribution of society's resources.

What is the primary concern of ecological justice?

  • Eliminating poverty and hunger globally.
  • Protecting the rights and well-being of all of God's creation. (correct)
  • Ensuring equitable access to healthcare for all citizens.
  • Promoting fair trade practices between nations.

Which of the following best exemplifies commutative justice?

  • A homeowner paying their mortgage to a bank. (correct)
  • A charity organizing a food drive for the homeless.
  • A government providing social security benefits to elderly citizens.
  • A company paying taxes to support public services.

What is the central idea of social sin?

<p>Harmful structures and systems within a society that perpetuate injustice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sin is defined as a grave offense that separates an individual from God if not repented?

<p>Mortal Sin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the Seven Deadly Sins?

<p>Humility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'veil of ignorance' relate to distributive justice?

<p>It encourages prioritizing the needs of the most vulnerable in society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of contributive justice?

<p>A worker paying taxes to support public services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect emphasizes the importance of prioritizing the needs of the poor and vulnerable?

<p>Option for and with the Poor and Vulnerable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest form of love that includes the capacity to love one's enemies?

<p>Charity/agape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sacrament associated with individuals becoming Deacons, Priests, or Bishops?

<p>Holy Orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of love is characterized by deep emotional attachment that is inherent and unearned, such as that between parents and children?

<p>Family love/storge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle represents the idea that all humans are part of one family, regardless of differences in beliefs or backgrounds?

<p>Solidarity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtue that corresponds to the deadly sin of Greed?

<p>Charity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deadly sin is characterized by the avoidance of work?

<p>Sloth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a social sin?

<p>Collective actions leading to injustice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virtue is associated with the quality of restraint?

<p>Temperance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the virtue of Patience embody?

<p>Acceptance of delay and suffering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deadly sin is also known for spurning love in favor of fury?

<p>Wrath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major theme of Catholic Social Teaching?

<p>The sanctity of education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lust represent among the seven deadly sins?

<p>Craving for bodily pleasures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What moral issue predominantly affects adolescents today regarding peer expectations?

<p>The pressure to adhere to peer expectations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is suggested for adolescents when faced with moral dilemmas?

<p>Waiting 24 hours before making significant decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Catholic Social Teaching emphasizes the importance of loving and supporting others in the community?

<p>Call to Family, Community, and Participation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary moral debate surrounding capital punishment?

<p>Whether it serves as a deterrent against crime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of Catholic Social Teaching is violated by the practice of capital punishment?

<p>Life and dignity of the human person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of adolescents acting instinctively in moral situations?

<p>Poor decision-making outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social justice issue might involve the discussion of life and dignity of the human person?

<p>Capital Punishment (A), Abortion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can adolescents better decide between morals and the desire to fit in?

<p>By taking time to reflect before making decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a marriage considered in the context of canon law?

<p>A sacrament between a baptized man and a baptized woman (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is required for a marriage to be recognized legally?

<p>An official marriage license from City Hall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Eucharistic Celebration in a Church wedding?

<p>To bless the marriage in the presence of God and community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the officiant of a civil marriage from that of a Church wedding?

<p>A Church officiant is also responsible for signing the canon law contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes the Church's view on cohabitation?

<p>It is seen as having legal advantages but lacking the sacred commitment of marriage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does entering a marriage covenant signify according to canonical teachings?

<p>A sacred promise binding the couple to God (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are legal benefits associated with marriage compared to cohabitation?

<p>Guaranteed protection under civil law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the nature of marriage?

<p>Marriage is solely a legal agreement without any religious aspects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes celibacy?

<p>The commitment to not participate in sexual activities, often tied to religious orders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition aligns with the term 'conscience'?

<p>God's voice that calls us to love and avoid evil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does natural law refer to in ethical discussions?

<p>Universal laws governing human behavior independent of human-made laws. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is ethical relativism characterized?

<p>Morality is relative to the norms, values, and beliefs of a particular culture or individual. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'justice' strive to achieve?

<p>To give everyone what they deserve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes free will?

<p>The capacity to act in accordance with one’s desires without external influences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of hermeneutics?

<p>The interpretation and understanding of scriptural texts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines moral evil?

<p>Suffering resulting from human actions that cause physical or emotional harm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Celibacy

The commitment to abstaining from sexual activity, often associated with religious orders.

Chastity

A sense of purity in relationships, typically defined as only engaging in intercourse with one's spouse.

Conscience

The inner voice that guides us towards good and away from evil, often seen as a reflection of God's will within us.

Discernment

The process of seeking spiritual guidance to make thoughtful decisions.

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Morality

A set of principles and values that guide human behavior, defining what is right and wrong.

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Natural Theology

The attempt to understand God's existence and nature through reason, observation of the natural world, and logic, without relying on sacred texts.

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Natural Law

Universal laws governing human behavior that are independent of human-made laws, often seen as intrinsic to human nature.

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Ethical Relativism

The belief that morality is not absolute, but rather relative to the norms, values, and beliefs of a specific culture, society, or individual.

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Social Justice

Fairness and responsibility for the well-being of all members within a society.

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Distributive Justice

The fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges.

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Contributive Justice

The responsibility of each individual to contribute to society for the common good.

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Commutative Justice

The exchange of goods and services between individuals, ensuring fairness in transactions.

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Ecological Justice

The ethical and moral obligation of humans towards the environment and its inhabitants.

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Mortal Sin

A serious offense that breaks the relationship with God and results in the loss of grace.

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Venial Sin

A less serious offense that weakens the relationship with God, but does not sever it.

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Social Sin

Actions, structures, or systems in society that contribute to injustice, oppression, or harm toward individuals or groups.

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What is Pride?

An excessive belief in one's own abilities, interfering with the recognition of God's grace. Also known as vanity.

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What is Envy?

The desire for others' traits, status, abilities or situation.

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What is Lust?

An inordinate craving for the pleasures of the body.

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What is Wrath?

Anger manifested in someone who rejects love and chooses fury instead.

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What is Sloth?

The avoidance of physical or spiritual work.

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What is Greed?

The desire for material wealth or gain, ignoring the spiritual realm.

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Explain what a Personal Sin is?

An individual act, thought, or omission against moral or divine law.

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Explain what a Social Sin is?

Collective actions, structures, or systems within a society that cause injustice, oppression, or harm.

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Solidarity

The belief that we are all part of one human family, regardless of our differences in nationality, race, ethnicity, economic status, or beliefs.

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Option for the Poor and Vulnerable

A commitment to prioritize the needs of the poor and vulnerable above our own.

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Dignity of Work

The understanding that work is not just a way to earn money, but a meaningful way to participate in God's creation.

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Sacrament of Marriage

This sacrament involves a couple making a lifelong commitment to love and support each other, reflecting God's love.

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Sacrament of Holy Orders

It involves a person being ordained as a Deacon, Priest, or Bishop, to serve the Church and God's people.

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Marriage: Legal Agreement

A legal agreement between two people that binds them together in a formal relationship, often involving rights, responsibilities, and legal protections.

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Marriage: Covenant

A sacred promise between a couple and God, signifying a deep commitment and union.

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Marriage: Sacrament

A sacrament that signifies a couple's union and God's blessings.

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Cohabitation

A physical and emotional commitment between two people, often seen as a prelude to marriage to test compatibility.

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Church's view on Premarital sex

The Church's view that sexual intimacy is intended for procreation and unification within marriage.

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Peer Pressure in Adolescence

The pressure adolescents face to conform to the expectations and behaviors of their peers, often involving compromising personal values.

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Making Good Decisions

The capacity to make reasoned choices, considering consequences and aligning actions with personal beliefs.

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24-Hour Rule for Decisions

A time delay used to consider options and avoid impulsive decisions, allowing for reflection on values and consequences.

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Life and Dignity of the Human Person

The moral principle that human life is sacred and inviolable, meaning every individual deserves respect, dignity, and protection.

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Care for God's Creations

The principle that humans have a responsibility to care for God's creation, including the environment and all living beings.

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Call to Family, Community, and Participation

The moral and social obligation of humans to act justly and fairly towards each other, promoting equality and compassion within communities.

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Capital Punishment (Death Penalty)

The practice of executing a person as punishment for a crime, a controversial issue with strong arguments on both sides.

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Catholic Opposition to Capital Punishment

The belief that capital punishment is morally wrong and should never be used, based on Catholic social teachings emphasizing the sanctity of life, human dignity, and the call to love and support others.

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Study Notes

Exam Review

  • Format: Exam is divided into multiple choice, common element, short answer, and essay sections.

Definitions

  • Celibacy: Abstaining from sexual activity, often associated with religious orders.
  • Chastity: Purity in relationships, typically limited to sexual intercourse only with one's spouse.
  • Conscience: God's voice guiding ethical choices, a moral compass within humans.
  • Discernment: Making thoughtful decisions guided by spiritual prompting.
  • Ethics: Principles or rules defining acceptable conduct within a group or culture.
  • Exegesis: Analyzing the Bible to understand its original meanings.
  • Ethical Relativism: Moral values are not universal but depend on individual or cultural contexts.
  • Free Will: The ability to choose actions without external influence.
  • Hermeneutics: The study of interpretation, especially of texts like scripture.
  • Injustice: Violation of someone's moral, legal, or ethical rights.
  • Justice: Ensuring everyone receives what they deserve.
  • Moral Evil: Suffering caused by human actions.
  • Morality: Principles and values governing correct conduct.
  • Natural Evil: Suffering caused by natural events.
  • Natural Theology: Using natural reasoning to understand God.
  • Natural Law: Universal ethical principles which govern human behaviour.
  • Omnipotent: Having unlimited power.
  • Omniscient: Having complete knowledge.
  • Prophet: Person believed to have a special connection with the divine (ex: Nelson Mandela, Mother Theresa, Malala, Oscar Romero, MLK Jr.).

St. Thomas Aquinas' Five Ways to Prove God's Existence

  • First Mover: Everything in motion is moved by something else—God is the initial mover.
  • Efficient Cause: Everything has a cause; God is the first cause.
  • Contingency: Things come into and go out of existence. God is a necessary being, eternally existing.
  • Degrees of Perfection: All things have varying degrees of goodness and perfection; God is the ultimate perfection.
  • Design: The universe is designed with purpose; God is the designer.

Additional Information

  • Vatican Council: A council that discusses Church traditions, matters and creates official stances on social and political issues (abortion, euthanasia etc).
  • Theodicy: Explains the existence of evil and suffering in the world without negating God's existence. St. Augustine argued that evil results from human free will and natural occurrences do not disprove God.
  • Conscience Dimensions: Capacity (Inner Morality), Process (Right vs Wrong), Judgement (Making Decisions).
  • Moral Development: Stages people go through acquiring a moral sense (Lawrence Kohlberg).
  • Seven Deadly Sins: Pride, Envy, Lust, Wrath, Sloth, Greed, Gluttony. Their opposite virtues include humility, charity, chastity, patience, diligence, generosity, and temperance respectively.
  • Sin: Actions, thoughts, or omissions that contradict divine law, moral principles, or the will of God — Types:Mortal and Venial.
  • Social Justice: Implies fairness and responsibility for the well-being of others. Focuses on distributing resources, opportunities and privileges fairly.
  • Distributive Justice: Ensuring there is equitable distribution of fairness in society.
  • Ecological Justice: Human beings' responsibility to all of creation.
  • Types of Love: Companionlove (Hetaireia), Friendship (philia), Family love (Storge), and Sexual Love (eros).
  • Marriage (Canon vs Civil Law): Marriage has both legal and religious aspects. Canon law involves sacraments and beliefs, civil law involves contracts and legal documentation.
  • Moral Issues for Teens: Teenagers struggle with the pressure to fit in. Issues might include alcohol consumption, shoplifting, to social expectations.
  • Catholic Social Teachings: Key themes that guide Catholic actions and beliefs include life and dignity, rights and responsibilities, call to family and community, etc.

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Prepare for your upcoming exam on ethics and spirituality with this comprehensive review quiz. Cover key definitions and concepts such as celibacy, conscience, and ethical relativism. Test your understanding of these important themes relevant to moral and spiritual decision-making.

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