Ethics and Emotions in Moral Philosophy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of feelings in moral decision-making?

  • Feelings only arise from conscious reasoning.
  • Feelings should be ignored during moral reasoning.
  • Feelings are irrelevant to moral decisions.
  • Feelings organize moral inclinations and desires. (correct)

What term refers to the ability to understand something immediately without conscious reasoning?

  • Intuition (correct)
  • Empathy
  • Emotion
  • Sympathy

Which of the following emotions is classified as an outer directed negative emotion?

  • Anger (correct)
  • Embarrassment
  • Guilt
  • Gratitude

According to Kant, what is a key focus of his exploration into feelings?

<p>Feelings relate closely to morality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of ethical subjectivism?

<p>Moral judgments are based on individual feelings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emotion can result from a traumatic experience?

<p>Gratitude (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes moral emotions?

<p>They influence a person's judgments about right and wrong. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept used by Aristotle to describe the ultimate goal for human beings?

<p>Eudaimonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, acting according to what helps achieve a good life?

<p>Telos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Scheler propose about values in relation to feelings?

<p>Values exist as international objects of feelings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a core value of a professional nurse?

<p>Vigilance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary focus does virtue ethics in nursing emphasize?

<p>Character development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle suggests that being angry is easy; what does he propose is more challenging?

<p>Being angry at the right person for the right reason (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is described as fundamental to achieving happiness and flourishing according to Aristotle?

<p>Acting in accordance with reasons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attitude should nurses cultivate to reflect altruism in their practice?

<p>Empathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle's concept of 'Golden Means' refers to what in the context of ethics?

<p>Balancing virtues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central focus of Virtue Ethics according to Aristotle?

<p>Understanding the broad characters of human beings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between reason and character in Virtue Ethics?

<p>Reason and character are intimately connected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Aristotle consider virtues to be?

<p>Psychological dispositions related to situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of virtue?

<p>Jealousy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, how is virtue related to emotions?

<p>Virtue involves appropriate psychological dispositions in response to feelings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is virtue important in Aristotle's philosophy?

<p>It promotes civil responsibility and intellectual capability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following virtues is associated with self-restraint?

<p>Temperance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of moral character does Aristotle emphasize in his ethical approach?

<p>The presence of character traits that align with reason (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of virtue ethics in nursing?

<p>Developing appropriate character traits in nurses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do duties in deontology refer to?

<p>Moral or legal obligations that must be upheld (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of nursing insists on truthfulness?

<p>Honesty and integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Categorical Imperative?

<p>A universal law that applies unconditionally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes non-discrimination in nursing ethics?

<p>Fairness and justice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an obligation refer to in deontological ethics?

<p>A morally or legally bound action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles relates to the avoidance of discrimination?

<p>Fairness and justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imperative holds the principle of fundamental moral duties?

<p>Categorical Imperative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the professional code of ethics for Filipino nurses primarily emphasize?

<p>The four-fold responsibility of nurses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes one of the responsibilities stated in the code of ethics?

<p>Providing care that is fair, just, and personalized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a fundamental right according to the Code of Ethics for Filipino nurses?

<p>Health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is stated as an obligation when health cannot be restored?

<p>Assisting towards a peaceful death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of practice does the universality of nursing practice pertain to?

<p>A universal approach for all nursing practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration for a certificate of registration/professional license?

<p>Four years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What authority does the Board have concerning a certificate of registration/professional license?

<p>To revoke or suspend the license (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The importance of rational will in nursing ethics is related to which of the following?

<p>Exercising one's will in pursuit of a justified end (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which responsibility does not fall under the four-fold responsibility of nurses as stated in the code of ethics?

<p>Promotion of personal business interests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Principle of Subsidiarity encourage?

<p>Empowerment of local communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should nurses approach the holistic care of patients according to the ethical guidelines?

<p>By understanding individual patient needs and preferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of consequentialism in ethics?

<p>The consequences of actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation in the discussed document regarding ethical theories?

<p>Overemphasis on theoretical concepts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the Code of Ethics for nurses according to the content?

<p>Balancing individual rights with collective welfare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can a special/temporary permit be canceled according to the information?

<p>For violation of RA No. 9173 and the IRR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes the role of health care ethics in practical applications?

<p>Emphasize the need for balancing interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Moral Feelings

Moral feelings involve conscious experiences shaped by our emotions and physical sensations. They're influenced by our circumstances, moods, and relationships with others.

Negative Moral Emotions

Negative moral emotions, like guilt, shame, embarrassment, anger, disgust, contempt, can be directed inwards (towards ourselves) or outwards (towards others).

Positive Moral Emotions

Positive moral emotions, like gratitude, admiration, sympathy, and empathy, can be directed inwards (towards oneself) or outwards (towards others).

Kant's Theory of Moral Feeling

Immanuel Kant explored the relationship between feelings and morality. He argued that feelings play a crucial role in guiding moral decisions.

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Ethical Subjectivism

Ethical subjectivism proposes that ethical truths are relative to individual beliefs and opinions. There is no objective standard of right and wrong.

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Emotivism

Emotivism suggests that moral statements are expressions of personal feelings rather than objective truths. They are simply emotional responses.

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Scheler's Philosophy of Values

Max Scheler believed that values are inherent to feelings, they are qualities we experience through feelings.

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Virtue

Behavior that demonstrates high moral standards.

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Virtue in philosophy

The study of how to live a life guided by strong moral character.

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Joint excellence

Aristotle's idea that a virtuous person possesses both intellectual ability and good character traits.

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Self-control

The ability to control emotions and act in a way that is aligned with reason.

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Prudence

The ability to make wise and sound judgments.

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Virtue (Aristotle's view)

A psychological disposition that guides a person to respond appropriately to emotions.

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Virtues as dispositions

Character traits that are closely related to the situation and encourage actions that are aligned with reason.

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Seven Virtues

A collection of seven virtues representing ethical qualities.

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Deontology

A moral philosophy that judges an act as good or bad based on the intentions of the person doing the act and their duty.

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Duty

A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.

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Maxim

A general principle on which we act.

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Imperative

A command.

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Categorical Imperative

A type of imperative that applies universally and unconditionally.

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Goodwill

The intention to act for the sake of doing what's right, regardless of personal gain or consequences.

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Six Principles of Nursing Ethics

A set of principles that guide ethical decision-making in nursing.

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Courage

The ability to act according to one's ethical principles even in difficult or challenging situations.

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Eudaimonia

Aristotle's term for the good life. It's a state of flourishing and happiness achieved by living according to one's purpose.

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Virtue Ethics

A moral philosophy that focuses on developing a good character, believing that a good person will naturally make good choices.

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Telos

The inherent purpose or function of something.

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Altruism

A value that emphasizes putting the needs of others before one's own.

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Autonomy

A principle emphasizing the right of individuals to make their own choices and decisions regarding their care.

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Human Dignity

A core value recognizing the inherent worth and dignity of all humans.

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Integrity

Acting in accordance with moral principles and values.

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Social Justice

A value that promotes fair and equitable treatment for all members of society.

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Hypothetical statement

A statement that is true only if the condition it mentions is also true. It uses the 'if...then' structure.

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Code of Ethics

A profession's set of rules and principles about ethical behavior and conduct.

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Code of Ethics for Filipino Nurses

A document that outlines the ethical principles and guidelines for Filipino nurses. It emphasizes the nurse's responsibility towards their clients, colleagues, society, and the profession.

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Right to Health

The fundamental right of all individuals to be healthy. This includes the right to receive support for maintaining health, preventing illness, reducing suffering, and restoring health.

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RN's Responsibility to Preserve Health

The nurse's primary responsibility is to preserve individuals' health at all costs. This encompassing duty includes promoting health, preventing illnesses, easing suffering, and restoring health.

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Nurse's Responsibility in the Case of Inevitable Death

If restoring health is not possible, the nurse has a duty to assist the individual towards a peaceful death.

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Code of Ethics' Importance for Nurses

The Code of Ethics provides nurses with clear guidelines for their actions, ensuring fair, just, and personalized care for each individual patient.

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Consequentialism

This ethical theory judges the morality of actions based on their consequences. It focuses on the outcome rather than the intention.

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Principle of Subsidiarity

This principle emphasizes the role of local communities in decision-making, advocating for support from larger structures only when essential.

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Balancing Individual Rights and Collective Welfare

It addresses the moral judgment of actions, stressing the balance between individual rights and the well-being of the collective.

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Revocation and Suspension of Licenses

The Board of Nursing has the power to revoke or suspend a nurse's professional license or cancel special permits for various reasons, including violations of regulations and laws.

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License Suspension Period

The Board may suspend a nursing license for a period not exceeding four years.

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PRC's Role in Nursing

The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) sets policies and regulations that govern the practice of nursing.

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Board of Nursing's Enforcement

The Board of Nursing actively enforces the Code of Ethics for nurses and technical standards for nursing practice.

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Code of Ethics for Nurses

The Code of Ethics for nurses emphasizes balancing individual rights with collective welfare, meaning that the best interests of both the individual patient and society as a whole should be considered.

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Study Notes

Health Care Ethics (Finals) Reviewer

  • Moral decision making involves feelings, organizing them into inclinations, affects, passions, and desires.
  • Feelings are conscious experiences brought by emotional and physical sensation.
  • Emotions are natural instinctive states of mind deriving from circumstance, mood, or relationships. The brain interprets these experiences using memories.
  • Intuition is the ability to understand something immediately without conscious reasoning.
  • Emotions can be conscious or subconscious, influenced by culture, beliefs, and traumatic/thought experiences.
  • Immanuel Kant explored the relationship between feelings and morality.
  • Values are fundamental principles that guide ethical decision-making in human conduct.
  • Values influence ethical decision-making, as they shape behaviors relating to the individuals' worldview or belief system.
  • Axiology is the study of values.
  • Scheler's work focuses on phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.
  • Virtue ethics focuses on character traits and considers the traits of an individual rather than the act itself when making a moral evaluation.
  • Virtue is behavior showing high moral standards.
  • Aristotle's theory emphasizes the connection between reason and character to determine virtue.
  • Seven virtues include chastity, temperance, charity, diligence, kindness, patience, and humility.
  • Aristotle was a scholar in ethics, metaphysics, biology, and botany.
  • The golden mean is a concept to achieve happiness in moral philosophy.
  • The good life is reached when humans act according to telos, which refers to the purpose or function of something. Eudaimonia. Happiness and flourishing.
  • The core values of a professional nurse involve altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice.
  • Virtue ethics in nursing focuses on individual character traits and ways to develop traits that lead to well-being.
  • Six principles for nursing include professional competency, honesty and integrity, compassion, fairness and justice, respect for oneself and others, and courage.
  • Deontological ethics focuses on duties, obligations, goodwill, and unconditional duties.
  • Kantian-Deontology emphasizes duties and obligations.
  • Goodwill is an unconditional action in deontological ethics.
  • Duty is a moral or legal obligation that a person upholds.
  • Importance of codes of ethical conduct in nursing include universality of nursing practice, responsibilities to clients, fellow nurses, society, and the environment, and the nursing profession. Nurses also work to shape and influence policies.
  • Categorical imperative is a moral duty, as it's an imperative or command that must be followed but might not be.
  • Hypothetical imperative is a command that applies to humans with rational wills, including but not limited to self-interest.
  • Risk-benefit analysis is a factor in researching medical interventions.
  • Risk must be balanced with benefits in implementing health care procedures.
  • Research protocols must be reviewed.
  • The Nuremberg Code formed a comprehensive framework to guide ethical conduct in human experimentation, established after WWII.
  • Basic principles of the Nuremberg Code include voluntary consent, risk versus benefit, scientific justification, and termination of studies if harm is found or evident.
  • The Declaration of Helsinki focuses on protecting human research participants and builds on the physician's ethical duty.
  • The ANA Code of Ethics promotes a comprehensive framework to guide ethical decision-making for nurses.

Additional Topics

  • Ethics and the Digital Age
  • Interconnection highlights digital spheres for communication (social media, cloud storage), and human interaction. Emphasis on digital tools influencing the exchange of ideas and emotions.
  • Cyber Ethics and Responsibilities include respecting privacy, honesty, and security in data/technology use.
  • Importance of cyber ethics is to maintain confidentiality and ensure appropriate professional online behavior.
  • Case studies in cyberspace highlight various digital ethical concerns, such as ransomware attacks or system vulnerabilities.
  • COVID-KAYA data breach, and PhilHealth data breaches.
  • Reproductive Issues and Nursing Ethics
  • Moral standing refers to the level of moral consideration.
  • Conception begins at fertilization, and sentience is tied to fetal awareness. Birth is considered the start of full moral standing for a new being.
  • Maternal-fetal conflict involves a balance between a pregnant woman's interests and those of her fetus.
  • Reproductive rights include access to contraception, safe abortion (except to save the mother's life), and comprehensive maternal health care. ethical considerations in balancing legal/ethical duties with personal beliefs.
  • Reproductive technologies such as surrogacy and IVF, and also family balancing and gender selection (IVF and sperm sorting) methods, and assisted reproduction techniques.
  • Ethics of genetic screening and testing emphasize the intent and purpose of the screening, and the types and challenges with genetic testing, such as privacy, genetic discrimination, and access.

Additional Topics

  • Palliative Care
  • Purpose is to enhance life quality by managing symptoms, and comfort.
  • Ethical considerations are prioritizing beneficence, and communication.
  • Rule of Double Effect involves administering treatments like opioids that relieve pain despite the potential secondary effects that hasten death. The intent is to manage symptoms, not accelerate death.
  • Euthanasia is ending patient life to relieve suffering.
  • Ethical challenges involve balancing patient autonomy with ethical and professional obligations, as well as personal moral beliefs.
  • Emotional and spiritual support aims to provide compassionate care to deal with grief and acceptance.
  • Considerations in legal settings involve assisting patient and communicating about legal settings.
  • Suicide (Assisted Suicide) is when patients choose to end their life as a consequence of terminal illness or illness.

Additional Topics

  • Clinical trial and right to refuse
  • Ethical challenges.
  • Justice, compassion, and conscience.
  • Virtue ethics in nursing.
  • Professional conduct and considerations

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Health Care Ethics (Finals) Reviewer PDF

Description

This quiz explores the intricate relationship between emotions and moral decision-making, drawing on key philosophical perspectives from Kant, Aristotle, and Scheler. Questions cover concepts like ethical subjectivism, moral emotions, and the role of feelings in ethical theories, particularly in the context of nursing ethics.

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