Questions and Answers
Which of the following principles is NOT included in the Oath of Graduands in Dietetics?
The Oath of Hippocrates includes a commitment to maintain the confidentiality of patient information.
True
What is one of the duties proclaimed by the graduates upon receiving their degree in Dietetics?
Serve humanity through the promotion and maintenance of health and well-being.
The Oath of Graduands in Dietetics emphasizes the importance of ______ and well-being.
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Match the following statements to the appropriate oath:
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Which principle emphasizes doing no harm to patients?
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The Oath of Graduands in Dietetics encourages graduates to conduct themselves dishonorably towards their colleagues.
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What must graduates acknowledge according to their Oath?
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What is the primary reason for requesting studies according to the Hippocratic Oath?
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A doctor may experiment on patients without their consent if they believe it is in the patient's best interest.
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What should a doctor do if they believe another doctor is more qualified to treat a patient?
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Doctors are encouraged to offer care to patients without regard to their ______.
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Match the following responsibilities with their descriptions:
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What does communitarianism prioritize over individual needs?
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Which of the following is a commitment in the Hippocratic Oath?
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The ethics of care emphasizes individual autonomy over relationships.
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What is the main focus of characteristic ethics?
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Doctors must commit to lifelong learning as stated in the Hippocratic Oath.
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What is expected of a doctor if they violate the Hippocratic Oath?
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The philosophy of _____ is popular in Africa and emphasizes the importance of community relationships.
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Match the following ethical theories with their main characteristics:
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Which of the following is NOT a virtue emphasized in character ethics?
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Casuistry relies solely on theoretical principles for decision-making.
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Name one of the four principles of biomedical ethics according to Beauchamp & Childress.
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What is the first step in ethical reasoning according to the guidelines?
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Gathering information involves collecting only clinical data.
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What principle should health care practitioners apply to consider how they would want to be treated?
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The second step in ethical reasoning involves gathering all relevant _______.
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Match the steps of ethical reasoning with their descriptions:
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Which question should be asked in the moral assessment of each option?
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After making a decision, it is essential to evaluate it and be prepared to act differently in the future.
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What should practitioners do after considering the options?
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Which ethical theory views people primarily as a means to an end?
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Kantianism is based on the outcomes of actions rather than their inherent moral worth.
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What is the principle of utility in Utilitarianism?
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The South African Bill of Rights addresses both positive and negative __________.
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Match the rights to their definitions:
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The Patients Rights Charter launched in November 1999 included how many rights?
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The Patients Rights Charter is a legally binding document.
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What are the two types of rights discussed under Liberal Individualism?
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Study Notes
Utilitarianism
- Consequence-based ethical theory determining actions as right or wrong based on outcomes.
- Human beings viewed as means to an end, promoting overall happiness.
- Principle of utility defines the greatest good or happiness for the largest number.
Kantianism
- Obligation-based ethical theory focused on correct actions, independent of potential consequences.
- Actions hold intrinsic moral worth, irrespective of their outcomes.
Liberal Individualism
- Rights-based ethical framework addressing both positive and negative rights.
- Positive rights encourage or require action (e.g., healthcare, education).
- Negative rights promote or require abstention (e.g., freedom of speech, protection from harm).
- Links obligations and rights are critical, exemplified by the Patients Rights Charter.
South African Bill of Rights
- Ensures access to healthcare and determinants like adequate water, social welfare, and education.
- Foundational rights include life, equality, and dignity.
Patients Rights Charter
- Introduced in November 1999 comprising 12 rights and 10 responsibilities.
- Not legally binding but outlines rights in healthcare settings.
Government Initiatives: Batho Pele
- "Batho Pele" translates to "People First" in Sesotho.
- Focus on improving administrative service delivery through principles such as:
- Consultation
- Setting service standards
- Increasing access
- Ensuring courtesy
- Providing information
- Openness and transparency
- Redress
- Value for money
Communitarianism
- A community-centered ethical theory prioritizing communal needs over individual interests.
- Emphasizes communal values and relationships, popularized through the philosophy of Ubuntu.
Ethics of Care
- Focuses on relational ethics, emphasizing care and compassion in interpersonal contexts.
- Highlights the importance of well-being in patient-nurse relationships beyond just medical issues.
Casuistry
- A case-based ethical approach that analyzes real-life scenarios to derive general conclusions.
- Decisions informed by historical cases rather than abstract principles.
Character Ethics
- Virtue-based ethics emphasizing the cultivation of virtuous habits.
- The best decision is reached through deliberation on principles, focusing on character traits like:
- Compassion
- Trustworthiness
- Integrity
- Discernment
Principlism
- A moral argumentation framework established by Beauchamp & Childress.
- Centers around four key biomedical ethical principles: autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.
Oath of Graduands in Dietetics (University of Stellenbosch)
- Commitment to promote health, respect for individuals, confidentiality, knowledge maintenance, and ethical conduct within the profession.
Hippocratic Oath
- A solemn pledge by medical professionals to prioritize patient care and ethical practice.
- Emphasizes loyalty to the profession, respect for human life, and commitment to continuous learning.
Ethical Dilemmas Resolution
- Four-step ethical reasoning process:
- Formulate the problem by identifying the ethical issue.
- Gather all relevant clinical, personal, and social information.
- Consider possible options in light of ethical principles.
- Make a moral assessment based on consequences, values, duties, and the Golden Rule.
- Engage in discussions regarding the proposed solution and act sensitively considering the impacts on affected individuals, ready for future adaptations.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Utilitarianism and Kantianism in this quiz. Understand how actions are evaluated based on outcomes in Utilitarianism, and the obligation-based approach of Kantian ethics. Test your knowledge on these significant ethical theories and their implications for human behavior.