Questions and Answers
What does utilitarian calculus refer to?
What occurs during a moral tragedy?
Regret after making a moral decision
What incident is associated with Gage?
A metal rod went through his skull, affecting his moral reasoning
What is guilt?
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What is shame a result of?
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What are preconventional stages in moral development?
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What do conventional stages of moral development involve?
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What characterizes postconventional stages?
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What is the justice perspective?
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What does the care perspective emphasize?
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Who is Carol Gilligan?
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What is cultural relativism?
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What is utilitarianism?
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What does the principle of utility state?
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What are welfare rights?
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What are liberty rights?
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Study Notes
Utilitarian Concepts
- Utilitarian calculus is employed to evaluate the implications of actions based on the balance of pleasure versus pain.
- Utilitarianism focuses on assessing actions through their consequences, aiming for the greatest overall happiness.
Moral Implications
- Moral tragedy arises when decisions lead to regret, highlighting the complexity of moral judgment.
- Gage's accident demonstrates the impact of physical injury on moral reasoning abilities, affecting ethical decision-making.
Emotional Perspectives
- Guilt serves as a moral sentiment that prompts individuals to rectify perceived wrongs, acting as an internal corrective mechanism.
- Shame reflects the discomfort associated with breaching societal norms, influencing behavior and self-perception.
Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional stages define morality in self-centered terms, focusing on individual consequences.
- Conventional stages involve seeking moral guidance from societal norms and peer influences.
- Postconventional stages represent a shift towards universal principles, facilitating moral decisions based on broader ethical frameworks.
Ethical Perspectives
- Justice perspective emphasizes duty and moral principles, leading to a more formal approach to ethical reasoning.
- Care perspective prioritizes relational context and emotional connections, advocating for a balanced approach in moral development.
Influences on Moral Development
- Carol Gilligan posits that women's moral development often diverges from conventional models, suggesting alternative pathways.
- Cultural relativism asserts that moral judgments are shaped by societal norms, reinforcing the idea that ethics can vary significantly across cultures.
Rights and Ethics
- Welfare rights pertain to entitlements related to social goods necessary for well-being and a decent quality of life.
- Liberty rights emphasize individual freedom to pursue legitimate interests without interference.
Core Principles
- The principle of utility denotes that the ethical choice maximizes happiness for the majority while minimizing suffering.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to utilitarian calculus and moral decision-making through these flashcards. Understand how pleasure and pain influence choices, along with the implications of moral tragedies. This quiz is ideal for students of ethics and philosophy.
