Podcast
Questions and Answers
In research ethics, what is the core principle related to respecting participants' decision-making abilities?
In research ethics, what is the core principle related to respecting participants' decision-making abilities?
- Allowing researchers complete authority over the study.
- Ensuring all participants receive monetary compensation.
- Guaranteeing participants are in control of their participation. (correct)
- Providing participants with minimal information to avoid bias.
Which ethical consideration is most compromised when researchers use deception in a study?
Which ethical consideration is most compromised when researchers use deception in a study?
- Respect for autonomy. (correct)
- The potential for long-term harm.
- The lack of privacy for participants.
- The imbalance of power between researcher and participant.
What is the primary concern related to 'harm' in the context of research ethics?
What is the primary concern related to 'harm' in the context of research ethics?
- The collection of private data.
- The effects of the researcher's bias.
- The potential for causing long-term harm, whether physical or psychological. (correct)
- The use of complex statistical analysis.
What principle is most directly violated when a researcher publishes findings that include participants' personal details without their explicit consent?
What principle is most directly violated when a researcher publishes findings that include participants' personal details without their explicit consent?
How does the principle of 'confidentiality' differ from 'privacy' in research ethics?
How does the principle of 'confidentiality' differ from 'privacy' in research ethics?
Under what circumstances might breaching confidentiality be ethically permissible?
Under what circumstances might breaching confidentiality be ethically permissible?
What does it mean for research to be a 'collaborative process between both parties'?
What does it mean for research to be a 'collaborative process between both parties'?
According to the slides, what is a key aspiration for psychologists in their role as researchers?
According to the slides, what is a key aspiration for psychologists in their role as researchers?
What is a core tenet of 'the profession's view' regarding ethical conduct in research?
What is a core tenet of 'the profession's view' regarding ethical conduct in research?
Why is 'whistleblowing' considered important in maintaining ethical standards within a profession?
Why is 'whistleblowing' considered important in maintaining ethical standards within a profession?
From a 'society's view,' what is the ultimate purpose of research?
From a 'society's view,' what is the ultimate purpose of research?
In the context of ethical research, what does it mean to consider the 'utilitarian' perspective?
In the context of ethical research, what does it mean to consider the 'utilitarian' perspective?
What is a potential ethical issue in the 'Strange Situation' experiment?
What is a potential ethical issue in the 'Strange Situation' experiment?
What is the ethical concern with Landis's 'facial expressions' study?
What is the ethical concern with Landis's 'facial expressions' study?
According to Justice Matthew O. Tobriner, explain what happens to protective privilege.
According to Justice Matthew O. Tobriner, explain what happens to protective privilege.
According to the slides, who is responsible for ensuring confidentiality in research?
According to the slides, who is responsible for ensuring confidentiality in research?
What is the main risk involved with relying on information collected from 'cookies, smart phones, Alexa/Google, HES codes'?
What is the main risk involved with relying on information collected from 'cookies, smart phones, Alexa/Google, HES codes'?
What was unethical about the 'Tearoom Trade Study 1970'?
What was unethical about the 'Tearoom Trade Study 1970'?
Why is 'lack of honesty in reporting research' problematic?
Why is 'lack of honesty in reporting research' problematic?
What does it mean for 'Privacy - Who'?
What does it mean for 'Privacy - Who'?
What aspect of ethical research does the Milgram Experiment bring into question?
What aspect of ethical research does the Milgram Experiment bring into question?
Which of the following best describes the ethical concern surrounding Zimbardo Experiment?
Which of the following best describes the ethical concern surrounding Zimbardo Experiment?
What is the primary ethical reason to treat 'research info as such'?
What is the primary ethical reason to treat 'research info as such'?
What is an 'ethical and professional obligation'?
What is an 'ethical and professional obligation'?
Why it is important for people to trust the individual psychologist as well as the profession?
Why it is important for people to trust the individual psychologist as well as the profession?
What is the most plausible scenario where pursuing the greater good might ethically clash with individual rights?
What is the most plausible scenario where pursuing the greater good might ethically clash with individual rights?
How did Dweck's task performance cause ethical issues?
How did Dweck's task performance cause ethical issues?
Where can people post any questions about ethical issues related to this presentation?
Where can people post any questions about ethical issues related to this presentation?
What is the potential ethical issue involved in privacy?
What is the potential ethical issue involved in privacy?
Flashcards
Respect and Autonomy
Respect and Autonomy
Individuals participants should be treated with respect and have autonomy.
Minimizing Harm
Minimizing Harm
Individuals should not suffer immediate or long-term harm, whether psychological or physical.
Milgram Experiment
Milgram Experiment
An experiment where participants were told to administer electric shocks to others.
Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment
Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment
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Privacy
Privacy
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Confidentiality
Confidentiality
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Subjects and Participants
Subjects and Participants
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Meaningful Research
Meaningful Research
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Profession
Profession
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Societal Impact
Societal Impact
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Costs vs. Benefits in Research
Costs vs. Benefits in Research
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Utilitarianism In Research
Utilitarianism In Research
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Confidentiality in Research
Confidentiality in Research
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Study Notes
- Ethical issues are explored through examples, considering viewpoints of the participant, profession, and society.
- The Milgram and Zimbardo studies are examples of ethical issues.
The Participant's View
- Respect, autonomy, and avoidance of deception are key principles.
- All individuals should be treated with respect and have control over their lives.
- Deception in research is problematic.
- Participants should not suffer immediate or long-term harm, whether psychological or physical.
- Some examples where ethical issues are raised include:
- Genie case study
- The Strange Situation experiment
- Dweck's task performance studies
- Landis's facial expression experiments
- Catt Lab at Sussex
Privacy
- What you do or say should not be open to public scrutiny without your permission.
- Examples include:
- Tearoom Trade Study (1970)
- The use of ‘watchqueen’ in a ‘tearoom’
- Data collection through cookies, smart phones, Alexa/Google, and HES codes
- CCTV in public spaces
Confidentiality
- Researchers must always respect a participant's right to confidentiality.
- It is essentail to understand the difference between privacy and confidentiality
- Many individuals provide personal or confidential information.
- All research information should be treated with sensitivity.
- Confidentiality is an ethical and professional obligation:
- It is the Psychologist's obligation
- There are exceptions to confidentiality:
- Danger to self
- Danger to others
- Child/dependent/elderly abuse
Subjects and Participants
- Research should be a collaborative process between all involved parties
- It should not be an autocratic one between researcher and subject.
- There is a power dynamic: expert vs. the naive.
The Researcher's View
- Psychologists should endeavor to conduct meaningful research that improves people's lives.
The Profession's View
- Members of a profession have a duty to protect the integrity of their group.
- People need to trust the individual psychologist as well as the profession.
- Ethical treatment of participants ensures a positive image in society.
- Fraudulent behavior brings disrepute; for example, Diedrik Stapel.
- A lack of honesty in reporting research raises concerns.
- Whistleblowing is sometimes required.
Society's View
- The purpose of research should be to establish knowledge that improves the world, and to understand ourselves and our behaviour.
- The issue is utilitarian, balancing the costs against the benefits.
- Consideration should be given to whether society's pursuit of the greater good justifies ignoring individual rights.
- Whose rights are upheld and whose are compromised needs to be taken into account.
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