Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of technique do questionnaires fall under?
What type of technique do questionnaires fall under?
- Experimental technique
- Observational technique
- Self-report technique (correct)
- Case study technique
Which type of questions in questionnaires allows participants to answer however they wish?
Which type of questions in questionnaires allows participants to answer however they wish?
- Unstructured questions
- Closed questions
- Open questions (correct)
- Structured questions
What kind of data do responses to open questions in questionnaires provide?
What kind of data do responses to open questions in questionnaires provide?
- Categorical data
- Qualitative data (correct)
- Discrete data
- Quantitative data
Which type of questions in questionnaires offer a fixed number of response options to select from?
Which type of questions in questionnaires offer a fixed number of response options to select from?
What is the main advantage of open questions in questionnaires?
What is the main advantage of open questions in questionnaires?
Which type of questionnaire question limits participants to specific response options?
Which type of questionnaire question limits participants to specific response options?
What is a characteristic of structured interviews?
What is a characteristic of structured interviews?
Which type of interview involves a predetermined list of questions for all participants?
Which type of interview involves a predetermined list of questions for all participants?
Why is structured interviewing advantageous in psychological research?
Why is structured interviewing advantageous in psychological research?
What is a key feature of unstructured interviews?
What is a key feature of unstructured interviews?
Which approach falls between structured and unstructured interviews?
Which approach falls between structured and unstructured interviews?
In structured interviews, how are answers typically recorded by the interviewer?
In structured interviews, how are answers typically recorded by the interviewer?
What is a covert observation?
What is a covert observation?
In covert observation, the researcher:
In covert observation, the researcher:
Which is an example of covert non-participant observation?
Which is an example of covert non-participant observation?
What is a key advantage of covert observation over overt observation?
What is a key advantage of covert observation over overt observation?
Which technique refers to observing individuals without their knowledge?
Which technique refers to observing individuals without their knowledge?
What is another term for 'undisclosed' observation?
What is another term for 'undisclosed' observation?
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Study Notes
Self-Report Techniques
- Self-report techniques involve participants providing information about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Examples of self-report techniques include questionnaires and interviews.
Questionnaires
- Questionnaires are a type of self-report technique that can be designed in different ways.
- They can comprise open questions, closed questions, or a mixture of both.
- Open questions allow participants to answer freely, generating qualitative data.
- Open questions provide rich and detailed data, offering insight into the human condition.
Interviews
- Interviews are another type of self-report technique, typically taking place face-to-face, but can also occur over the phone.
- There are three interview designs: structured, unstructured, and semi-structured (not on the specification).
- Interviews can be recorded using an interview schedule, audio or video recording, with the participant's informed consent.
Structured Interviews
- Structured interviews have predetermined questions asked in a set order for each participant.
- The interviewer uses an interview schedule and records answers to each question.
- An advantage of structured interviews is that the quantitative data is easier to statistically analyze.
Observational Techniques
- Observational techniques involve the researcher observing participants, with choices between:
- Covert (undisclosed) or overt observation
- Participant or non-participant observation
- Naturalistic or controlled observation
- Structured or unstructured observation
- These techniques are not mutually exclusive and can be combined in different ways.
Covert Observations
- Covert observations involve observing people without their knowledge.
- Examples of covert observations include using a one-way mirror (covert non-participant) or joining a group as a member (covert participant).
- Participants may be informed of their involvement after the observation has taken place.
- A strength of covert observation is that investigator effects are less likely.
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