40 Questions
At what age do women typically experience menopause?
51-53 years old
What is the main cause of vasomotor symptoms during the perimenopausal period?
Estrogen withdrawal
What is the average duration of vasomotor symptoms during the perimenopausal period?
11.6 years
What is the term used to describe the cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?
Metabolic syndrome
What is the potential outcome of increased sympathetic tone?
Altered vascular function and changes in blood pressure and lipids
What is a common symptom experienced by women during the perimenopausal period?
Hot flushes
What is the relationship between vasomotor symptoms and blood pressure?
The relationship between vasomotor symptoms and blood pressure is complex and varies from woman to woman
What is the term used to describe the period during which women experience vasomotor symptoms?
Perimenopause
What is the primary function of progestins in hormonal contraceptives?
Inhibiting ovulation through suppression of mid-cycle LH surge
What is the precursor to estrogens, androgens, and adrenocortical steroids?
Progesterone
What is the reason for using high dose micronized preparation of progesterone?
Due to almost complete metabolism in first passage through the liver
Where is progesterone synthesized from cholesterol?
In the ovary, testis, adrenal gland, and placenta
What is the characteristic of some progestins?
Some progestins are androgenic
What is the relationship between progesterone and progestins?
Progesterone is a natural progestin
What is the role of progestins in the body?
They are precursors to estrogens, androgens, and adrenocortical steroids
What is the function of progestins in the corpus luteum?
To maintain pregnancy by supporting the embryo
What happens to skin temperature during a hot flush?
It rises
How long does it take for skin temperature to return to baseline after a hot flush?
30 minutes
What is a common symptom of menopause besides hot flushes?
All of the above
What is the effect of estrogen on vasomotor symptoms?
It alleviates them
What is the preferred therapy for women with an intact uterus?
Combination estrogen-progestin therapy
What is the risk associated with estrogen therapy?
Endometrial neoplasia
What are the two most common forms of estrogen used for systemic treatment?
E2 and conjugated equine estrogens
What are the two routes of administration for estrogen?
Oral and transdermal
What is the mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives in preventing pregnancy?
Affecting cervical mucus glands, uterine secretion, and endometrium
What is the purpose of progestin in hormonal contraception?
To prevent mid-cycle LH surge
What is the benefit of hormonal contraceptives in women with hirsutism?
It decreases free testosterone levels
What is the main difference between combined estrogen-progestin tablets and progestin-only preparations?
The presence of estrogen
What is the mechanism of action of postcoital contraceptives?
Not well understood
What is a benefit of hormonal contraceptives in women with endometriosis?
It decreases the risk of endometriosis
What is a risk associated with progestin therapy?
HPG axis interruption
What is a benefit of hormonal contraceptives in women with iron deficiency anemia?
It decreases the risk of iron deficiency anemia
What is the primary function of progesterone in females?
To prepare the uterus for pregnancy and maintain pregnancy
What is the effect of progesterone on lipoprotein lipase activity?
It stimulates lipoprotein lipase activity and favors fat deposition
What is the effect of progesterone on body temperature?
It increases body temperature
What is the effect of high doses of progestins on gonadotropin secretion?
It suppresses gonadotropin secretion and often causes anovulation
What is the effect of progesterone on cervical secretions?
It thickens cervical secretions and lowers their pH
What is the effect of progesterone on endometrium?
It causes maturation of endometrium to a secretory stage
What is a clinical use of progestins?
To suppress menstruation and uterine contractility during pregnancy
What is a characteristic of older synthetic progestins?
They are more androgenic than newer progestins
This quiz covers the roles of estrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle and menopause. Learn about the hormonal changes that trigger menopause and its symptoms. Test your knowledge of estrogen withdrawal, vasomotor symptoms, and related health issues.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
