Estrogen and Progesterone in Menopause

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At what age do women typically experience menopause?

51-53 years old (correct)

45-47 years old

55-57 years old

58-60 years old

What is the main cause of vasomotor symptoms during the perimenopausal period?

Insulin resistance

Progestin increase

Estrogen withdrawal (correct)

Dyslipidemia

What is the average duration of vasomotor symptoms during the perimenopausal period?

5-6 years

11.6 years (correct)

13-14 years

8-9 years

What is the term used to describe the cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?

Metabolic syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of increased sympathetic tone?

Altered vascular function and changes in blood pressure and lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom experienced by women during the perimenopausal period?

Hot flushes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vasomotor symptoms and blood pressure?

The relationship between vasomotor symptoms and blood pressure is complex and varies from woman to woman Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the period during which women experience vasomotor symptoms?

Perimenopause Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of progestins in hormonal contraceptives?

Inhibiting ovulation through suppression of mid-cycle LH surge Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor to estrogens, androgens, and adrenocortical steroids?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for using high dose micronized preparation of progesterone?

Due to almost complete metabolism in first passage through the liver Signup and view all the answers

Where is progesterone synthesized from cholesterol?

In the ovary, testis, adrenal gland, and placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of some progestins?

Some progestins are androgenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between progesterone and progestins?

Progesterone is a natural progestin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of progestins in the body?

They are precursors to estrogens, androgens, and adrenocortical steroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of progestins in the corpus luteum?

To maintain pregnancy by supporting the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What happens to skin temperature during a hot flush?

It rises Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for skin temperature to return to baseline after a hot flush?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of menopause besides hot flushes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogen on vasomotor symptoms?

It alleviates them Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred therapy for women with an intact uterus?

Combination estrogen-progestin therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with estrogen therapy?

Endometrial neoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most common forms of estrogen used for systemic treatment?

E2 and conjugated equine estrogens Signup and view all the answers

What are the two routes of administration for estrogen?

Oral and transdermal Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives in preventing pregnancy?

Affecting cervical mucus glands, uterine secretion, and endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of progestin in hormonal contraception?

To prevent mid-cycle LH surge Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of hormonal contraceptives in women with hirsutism?

It decreases free testosterone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between combined estrogen-progestin tablets and progestin-only preparations?

The presence of estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of postcoital contraceptives?

Not well understood Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of hormonal contraceptives in women with endometriosis?

It decreases the risk of endometriosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with progestin therapy?

HPG axis interruption Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of hormonal contraceptives in women with iron deficiency anemia?

It decreases the risk of iron deficiency anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of progesterone in females?

To prepare the uterus for pregnancy and maintain pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on lipoprotein lipase activity?

It stimulates lipoprotein lipase activity and favors fat deposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on body temperature?

It increases body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high doses of progestins on gonadotropin secretion?

It suppresses gonadotropin secretion and often causes anovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on cervical secretions?

It thickens cervical secretions and lowers their pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on endometrium?

It causes maturation of endometrium to a secretory stage Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical use of progestins?

To suppress menstruation and uterine contractility during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of older synthetic progestins?

They are more androgenic than newer progestins Signup and view all the answers