Estimating Building Loads: Load Bearing Structures

Building Structures and Estimates

Load Bearing Type Structures

• Calculate details and abstract estimates for double roomed buildings using long wall and short wall methods and Centre Line Method.
• Calculate details and abstract estimates for single storied residential buildings with a certain number of rooms using Centre Line Method.

Framed Structures

• Calculate details and abstract estimates for single storied residential buildings with a certain number of rooms (Framed Structured type) using Centre Line Method.
• Calculate details and abstract estimates for two storied residential buildings with a certain number of rooms (Framed Structured type) using Centre Line Method.

Pitched Roof

• Estimate quantities of pitched roof components:
  • Common rafter: 80x40mm
  • Ridge piece: 120x200mm
  • Eaves board: 20x300mm

Staircase

• Calculate quantities of staircase components using the given figure.

Compound Wall

• Calculate details and abstract estimates for Compound Wall using the given figure.

Estimation of Basement Steps

• Schedule of rates: a document that provides information on the rates of various items of work.
• Types of estimates:
  • Preliminary estimate: a rough estimate prepared before the actual work begins.
  • Detailed estimate: a detailed estimate prepared after the actual work begins.
  • Revised estimate: an estimate prepared when there are changes in the original work.
  • Supplementary estimate: an estimate prepared for additional work.

Analysis of Rates

• Analysis of rates: a process of breaking down the rate of an item of work into its component parts.
• Rates generally consist of:
  • Labor cost
  • Material cost
  • Overhead cost
  • Profit

Bill of Quantities and Abstract of Cost

• Bill of quantities: a document that lists out the quantities of each item of work.
• Abstract of cost: a document that summarizes the total cost of each item of work.

Units of Measurement and Payment

• Units of measurement:
  • Earthwork: cubic meters
  • Brickwork: square meters
  • R.C.C. work: cubic meters
  • Painting: square meters
• Units of payment:
  • Earthwork: cubic meters
  • Brickwork: square meters
  • R.C.C. work: cubic meters
  • Painting: square meters

Measurement of Items of Work

• Measurement of items of work:
  • Painting on expanded metal: square meters
  • Bending, placing, and binding reinforcement: kilograms
  • Glass panes: number
  • Pointing on walls: square meters
  • Roofing with C.G.I. sheets: square meters

Distinctions

• Rough cost estimate vs. detailed estimate:
  • Rough cost estimate: a rough estimate prepared before the actual work begins.
  • Detailed estimate: a detailed estimate prepared after the actual work begins.
• Revised estimate vs. supplementary estimate:
  • Revised estimate: an estimate prepared when there are changes in the original work.
  • Supplementary estimate: an estimate prepared for additional work.
• Dismantling vs. demolition:
  • Dismantling: the process of taking apart a structure.
  • Demolition: the process of tearing down a structure.
• Administrative approval vs. technical sanction:
  • Administrative approval: approval from the administration.
  • Technical sanction: approval from the technical team.
• Sundries and supervision charges:
  • Sundries: miscellaneous expenses.
  • Supervision charges: charges for supervising the work.

Multiplying Factors

• Multiplying factors adopted in painting of various types of doors:
  • Doors: 1.2
  • Windows: 1.5
  • Shutters: 2.0

Rules for Deduction

• Rules for deduction from plastering for opening in brick surfaces:
  • Doors: 0.3 square meters
  • Windows: 0.5 square meters
  • Shutters: 0.7 square meters

Direct Cost and Overhead Cost

• Direct cost: the cost of labor and materials.
• Overhead cost: the cost of indirect expenses such as supervision, administration, and miscellaneous expenses.

Calculation of Quantities

• Calculation of quantities of wood work in a chowkhat of a door frame:
  • 2.1 m x 1.2 m x 7.5 cm x 10 cm = 0.175 cubic meters

Calculate the details and abstract estimate for a double roomed and single storied residential building with load bearing type structure using the long wall and short wall method, and the centre line method.