Erythropoiesis Process Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of factors act on cells and induce multiplication and simple cell division producing a clone typical to the original cell?

  • Cytokines
  • Proliferation factors (correct)
  • Hormones
  • Differentiation factors

    • What type of cells are responsible for giving rise to chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts?

  • Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSC)
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells (correct)
  • Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem Cells (PHSC)
  • Erythro poiesis cells

    • Where does erythro poiesis, the formation of red blood cells, primarily take place?

  • Liver
  • Kidneys
  • Spleen
  • Bone marrow (correct)

    • Which group of cells has the ability to give rise to different cell types like hepatocytes or neurons?

    <p>Mesenchymal Stem Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environment in the bone marrow characterized by due to the availability of proliferation and differentiation factors?

    <p>Conserved environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stem cells are responsible for giving rise to blood cells?

    <p>Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the bone marrow fails to function during adulthood?

    <p>Liver and spleen start making RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of differentiation factors and cell signaling pathways in pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC)?

    <p>Induce production of different types of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids are present in the beta chain of hemoglobin?

    <p>146 AAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attributes do common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells gain during hematopoiesis?

    <p>Responsibility for producing red blood cells and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule allows iron to bind oxygen in the heme group of hemoglobin?

    <p>Protoporphyrin ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondria in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)?

    <p>Energy production through the Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of iron in the heme group oxidizing to Fe3+?

    <p>Formation of methemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of progenitor cell gives rise to granulocytes like neutrophils and eosinophils?

    <p>Granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule transport?

    <p>Four oxygen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequential pathway from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to mature red blood cell (Erythrocyte)?

    <p>$HSC \rightarrow MEP \rightarrow Mature RBC$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the globin in the hemoglobin molecule?

    <p>Provides protein structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis in hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is found in a reticulocyte?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do reticulocytes go through over the course of 2 days?

    <p>Proteasomal degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives mature erythrocytes their red color?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mature erythrocytes have a biconcave shape?

    <p>They have a high surface area to volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a substrate required for erythropoiesis?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do reticulocytes leave the bone marrow and enter circulation?

    <p>Via diapedesis similar to neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factor is involved in initiating erythroid differentiation from pluripotential stem cells?

    <p>GATA 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do erythropoietin receptor stimulation affects the expression of erythroid-specific genes?

    <p>Enhancing expression of globin, heme biosynthetic genes, and red cell membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor stimulates both erythropoietin production and new vessel formation?

    <p>HIF-1β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is the EpoR that stimulates erythropoiesis?

    <p>Type I cytokine receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pathway activated by EpoR to stimulate erythropoiesis?

    <p>Jak/STAT signaling cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tyrosine kinase is associated with the membrane-proximal regions of EpoR intracellular domains?

    <p>JAK 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleus in an erythroblast during the process of enucleation?

    <p>It is phagocytosed by a macrophage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelles are found in a reticulocyte before it matures into an erythrocyte?

    <p>Few mitochondria and many ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During erythropoiesis, what structures does a reticulocyte lose while circulating in the blood?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum remnants and ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of mature erythrocytes that allows them to carry oxygen?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mature erythrocytes have a biconcave shape?

    <p>To increase surface area for gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substrates are required for hemoglobin synthesis during erythropoiesis?

    <p>Iron and vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the maturation of a reticulocyte into a mature erythrocyte?

    <p>Proteasomal degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the reticulocyte before it matures into an erythrocyte?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process occurs during the transition from a reticulocyte to a mature erythrocyte?

    <p>Endocytosis of cytoplasmic organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature differentiates a mature erythrocyte from other blood cells?

    <p>High surface area to volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

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