ERP Systems Overview

ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning

• A tool for managing information within an organization
• Organizes collection, storage, and use of information
• Success depends on organizational and technological factors before, during, and after implementation
• Enterprise Systems are large software packages supporting business processes in complex organizations
• Central feature is a shared database supporting multiple functional areas
• Production and Operations Management Systems (POM) aim to optimize workflow in production or service delivery
• Inventory Control Systems aim to minimize inventory holding costs, ordering costs, shipping costs, and shortage costs.

Computer-integrated Manufacturing Systems

• Use computer and automation systems for entire manufacturing processes
• Goal is to remove barriers between functions and encourage teamwork
• Increases production control and reduces costs.

Transportation Management Systems

• Handles transportation planning including things like shipping consolidation, load/trip planning, route planning, and fleet/driver planning
• Aims for significant cost savings and better customer service through carrier selection.

Logistics Management

• Subset of TMS that coordinates inbound and outbound logistics
• Aims to optimize transportation operations and coordinate with suppliers

Sales Management Systems

• Integrates supply chain technologies to synchronize inbound/outbound material flows
• Manages distribution or transport networks.

Financial Planning and Budgeting Systems

• Helps companies create and manage budgets
• Improves ability to monitor performance and identify financial departures from plans.

Human Resource Information Systems

• Centralized employee master data repository for HR management processes
• Forecasts people/skill requirements and plans how to acquire resources

Supply Chain Management Systems

• Starts with procurement of raw materials through manufacturing, transportation, delivery, and recycling
• SCM is the efficient management of material, data, and payment flows in supply chains from supplier to consumer.

Digital Supply Chain Map

• Depicts the entire lifecycle of a product, from raw materials to the consumer, and uses RFID tagging

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• A set of activities, methods, and tools used for building software systems
• Similar to building, with a foundation and framework
• Stages include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, support, and maintenance
• The goal is to create a complete and functional product.

Systems Design Development

• Users and system documentation are created
• Management and user involvement are essential to meet business needs

Implementation and Testing

• Involves conversion of old systems to new systems using various procedures like "plunge," "parallel," "pilot," or "phased."
• Testing verifies the function of new systems and components.
• Support and maintenance are necessary for optimal system operation and data correction.

SDLC AKA Waterfall Model

• A step-by-step approach to software development
• Phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, support, and maintenance.

Project, Program, and Portfolio Management (PPPM)

• Projects are temporary endeavors to produce a unique product, service, or result
• Programs are groups of related projects
• Portfolios consist of un-related programs
• Project time and project deadline are necessary to define project goals and tasks

Project Management

• Established principles, procedures, and policies for guiding a project from beginning to end.
• Projects are components in a hierarchy and have a time to start and end.
• Essential to have engaged sponsors, align projects with the strategy of the organization, and minimize scope changes

Triple Project Constraint

• The three factors that determine the success or failure of a project—scope, time, and cost.

Program Management

• Occurs strategically to manage related projects as a cohesive whole, enhancing resource utilization and ensuring the smooth execution of initiatives
• Managing multiple, often complex, projects as a group

Portfolio Management

• Management of all projects by an organization

Project Development vs Product Development

• Project development has an end point, while product development continues to evolve.
• Products are built for numerous customers, whereas projects are created for a single customer.

Digital Transformation

• Re-evaluating businesses using digital technologies leading to complete and new business models.

International Technology Considerations

• Need to consider international factors such as differences in language, culture, and practices when designing software

Customer Journey Mapping

• Customer view of product purchase process.
• Investigates purchase process pain points helping improve functionalities and offer new products and services.

Quantum Computing

• Uses quantum mechanics to process information differently than classical computing.
• Uses 'qubits' instead of bits that can represent 0 and 1 simultaneously
• Well suited for solving certain complex problems; a subset that include optimization problems, data analysis, and simulations

Augmented Reality (AR) vs Virtual Reality (VR)

• AR: overlays computer-generated images onto real-world views
• VR: creates entirely virtual environments

3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing

• Builds objects layer by layer using 3D models
• Provides unique products with greater strength.

Gamification

• Uses game-like mechanics to engage users in different areas of business
• Increase engagement with branding, loyalty with customers, employees, and partners.

Ethics

• Code of ethics for the acceptable standards and principles of an organization within societal values and principles

Crowdsourcing

• Using a group of people to generate ideas, content, or services to encourage problem-solving and creativity.

Risk and Compliance

• Risk assessment and management for different processes.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and its related systems including Production and Operations Management, Computer-integrated Manufacturing, and Transportation Management. Test your understanding of how these systems optimize business processes and manage information within organizations.