Geography - Physical Landscapes

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Which factor does NOT affect wave size?

Fetch
Wind Duration
Water Temperature (correct)
Wind Strength

Destructive waves have low energy and weak backwash.

False (B)

What is the process called when plants break down rocks over time?

Biological Weathering

During ________, rocks fall due to gravity.

Rock Fall Signup and view all the answers

Match the erosion processes with their descriptions:

Hydraulic Action = Water pressure forces air into cracks and breaks down rocks Abrasion = Waves act like sandpaper breaking apart rocks Attrition = Waves cause rocks to break into smaller pieces Corrosion = Chemicals in seawater dissolve rocks over time Signup and view all the answers

What primarily determines the energy of a wave?

The duration of the wind blowing (C) Signup and view all the answers

Constructive waves have high energy and strong backwash.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the actions of the sea break down the land?

Erosion Signup and view all the answers

During __________ weathering, rocks are broken down by physical factors like wind and temperature.

Physical Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of mass movement with their descriptions:

Rock Fall = Rocks fall vertically due to gravity Land Slide = Land slides down a slope following an angle in the bedrock Mud Flow = Liquid-like movement where saturated soil flows down a slope Rotational Slip = Material falls on a curved slip-plane Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting wave size and power with their definitions:

<h1>Fetch = The distance over which wind blows Wind Strength = The speed of the wind and its gusts Wind Duration = How long the wind is blowing for</h1> Signup and view all the answers

The the wave, the more it has, the more it can .

bigger, energy, erode Signup and view all the answers

How do waves form?

Waves form when wind blows over the surface of the water. Friction between them, and the transfer of energy from wind to water creates waves. Signup and view all the answers

Match the wave types with their characteristics:

Constructive = Smaller Waves Destructive = Taller Waves Constructive = Gentle Waves Destructive = Crashing Waves Signup and view all the answers

What are constructive waves?

Waves which build up a coast (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are destructive waves?

Waves which destroy the coast Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of wave processes with their characteristics:

Constructive = Strong swash Constructive = Weak backwash Destructive = Strong backwash Destructive = Weak swash Signup and view all the answers

Select the 2 prevailing wind directions along with the body of water they are coming from that have a huge fetch in the UK.

South-west (Atlantic Ocean) (A), North (Arctic Ocean) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Weathering is when processes from the ___ and the _ (plants and animals) break down _ over time.

atmosphere, biosphere, rock Signup and view all the answers

What is mass movement?

The downward movement of material due to gravity Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of weathering with their correct descriptions:

<h1>Physical weathering = When aspects of physical geography such as wind and temperature break down rocks Chemical weathering = When chemical reactions in the natural environment break down rocks Biological weathering = When living things such as plants break down rocks</h1> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ coastline is where there is one rock type along the coast. This is when there are _-shaped bays

Concordant, crab Signup and view all the answers

What is a discordant coastline?

A coastline formed by bands of alternating hard and soft rock Signup and view all the answers

What is a wave cut platform?

A flat piece of land (a platform) cut by the action of the waves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a spit?

A long, thin piece of land attached at one end to the mainland. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Name one effect of longshore drift on coastal material.

Becomes smoother and smaller due to attrition. Signup and view all the answers

Beach nourishment involves removing sand from the beach to keep it narrow.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the coastal management techniques with their descriptions:

Sea Walls = Concrete barriers that stop waves from hitting cliffs/coasts. Groynes = Structures built to trap sediment and enlarge the beach. Fencing = Constructed to encourage new dune formations. Dune Regeneration = Process of planting vegetation to stabilize dunes. Signup and view all the answers

Sand dunes can be stabilized by planting __________ grass.

marram Signup and view all the answers

What is longshore drift?

When the motion of the waves move material along a coastline in the same direction as the prevailing wind (A) Signup and view all the answers

Deposition is when waves lose their __ and drop _ at the coast. These are _____ waves.

energy, material, constructive Signup and view all the answers

Beach nourishment involves the addition of sand or shingle to narrow the beach.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one technique used in soft engineering for coastal management.

Beach nourishment or Dune regeneration Signup and view all the answers

Match the coastal management methods with their descriptions:

Sea Walls = Concrete barriers that protect the coast from waves Groynes = Structures that trap sediment and enlarge the beach Dune Regeneration = Planting vegetation to stabilize sand dunes Dune Fencing = Encourages new dune formation by protecting existing dunes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of groynes?

To trap sediment and reduce wave damage. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Hard engineering techniques include beach nourishment and dune regeneration.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where are sand dunes located in the Swanage Case Study?

North of Swanage Signup and view all the answers

The process by which longshore drift smooths and decreases the size of materials is called __________.

attrition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a discordant coastline?

It features uniform erosion rates. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Hard engineering techniques include dune regeneration.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of coastline is Swanage?

Discordant coastline Signup and view all the answers

When waves lose their energy and drop material at the coast, this process is known as __________.

deposition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following coastal management techniques with their descriptions:

Sea Walls = Concrete barriers to stop wave erosion Beach Nourishment = Addition of sand to widen the beach Dune Fencing = Protects new dune formations Dune Regeneration = Planting vegetation to stabilize dunes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following coastal features at Swanage with their corresponding locations:

Swanage Bay = Bay Durstan Head = Headland Studland Bay = Dunes Ballard Point = Headland Signup and view all the answers

How are sand dunes formed?

When sand deposited on the beach by constructive waves is blown inland by offshore winds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do dunes need in order to form? (Select all that apply)

Wind (B), An obstacle (C), A supply of sediment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Select the 2 conditions needed for dunes to form:

A large tidal range (A), A large exposed foreshore during low tide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary reason for protecting Lyme Regis?

Tourism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Phase 2 improvements in Lyme Regis cost £________ million.

22 Signup and view all the answers

How much did the cliff stabilisation in Phase 1 cost in the Lyme Regis Coastal Defence Scheme?

£1.4 million Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons for protecting Lyme Regis?

Residential areas (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of the Lyme Regis Coastal Defence Scheme with what it entailed:

Phase 1 = New sea wall and promenade, cliff stabilisation (£1.4 million) Phase 3 = Cancelled Phase 4 = 390m sea wall, cliff stabilisation protecting 480 homes (£20 million) Phase 2 = New sea walls, promenades, a sand/shingle beach and an exstention of the rock armour(£22 million) Signup and view all the answers

In Phase 2 of the Lyme Regis Coastal Defence Scheme a wide sand and beach was created with the sand being imported from .

shingle, France Signup and view all the answers

What was there an extension of at The Cobb in Phase 2 of the Lyme Regis Coastal Defence Scheme?

Rock Armour (A) Signup and view all the answers

Phase 2 of the Lyme Regis Coastal Defence Scheme consisted of the building of a 390m long sea wall.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The nailing, pilling and drainage in the cliff stabilisation in Phase 4 of the Lyme Regis Coastal Defence Scheme was put in place to protect _ homes. Cliff stabilisation helps to prevent _ _______ caused by weathering.

480, mass movements Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of sand dunes with their descriptions:

Embryo dune = Youngest dune where sand has just started to accumulate Fore dune = Larger than embryo dunes, formed as more sand accumulates and embryo dunes start to join together Yellow dune = These dunes reach up to 5 metres - yellow in colour Grey dune = Dunes that are 8-10 metres high which are grey in colour due to the presence of humus in the soil Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of sand dunes/slack with their descriptions:

Yellow dune = These dunes reach up to 5 metres - yellow in colour Grey dune = Dunes that are 8-10 metres high which are grey in colour due to the presence of humus in the soil Dune slack = Depressions between the dunes where the water table is near to the surface Mayure dune = The oldest dunes (no longer fed by the supply of fresh sand dunes due to distance from the beach) Signup and view all the answers

List the types of dune in order from youngest to oldest:

Embyro dune, _ _, __ _, Grey dune, Dune slack, __ _

Fore dune, Yellow dune, Mature dune Signup and view all the answers

List the types of dune in order from youngest to oldest:

___ _, Fore dune, Yellow dune, _ _, _ __, Mature dune

Embryo dune, Grey dune, Dune slack Signup and view all the answers

In freeze-thaw weathering, __ collects in cracks in rocks. The water and expands. This puts _ on the rock, ___ the cracks and then repeats.

water, freezes, pressure, widens Signup and view all the answers

In Haloclasty, when the water _____ it leaves behind _ crystals in cracks. These salt crystals grow and __. This puts _ on the rocks and flakes may eventually __ off.

evaporates, salt, expand, pressure, break Signup and view all the answers

In carbonation, rainwater absorbs _ from the air and becomes slightly . Contact with rocks such as chalk and causes a chemical reaction leading to rocks slowly ___.

CO2, acidic, alkaline, limestone, dissolving Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of weathering with their corresponding processes:

Chemical weathering = Carbonation Physical weathering = Freeze-thaw Chemical weathering = Haloclasty Biological weathering = Plant roots Signup and view all the answers

Fetch (Waves)

The distance wind blows over the surface of the water.

Physical Weathering

The process where rocks are broken down by forces like wind and temperature.

Hydraulic Action

When the force of water pushes air into cracks in rocks, increasing pressure and causing them to break.