19 Questions
In the stage of early childhood, the psychosocial crisis is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
True
In the play age, the basic strength developed is Competency.
False
Adolescence is characterized by the crisis of Identity vs. Identity Confusion.
True
During middle adulthood, the stage characterized by Generativity vs. Stagnation has Over Extension as a malignant tendency.
False
In old age, the basic strength is Fidelity.
False
The stage of infancy has the important event of feeding and develops the basic strength of hope.
True
The crisis of Initiative vs. Guilt occurs during the school age period.
False
During young adulthood, the radius of significant relations includes partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation.
True
In the period of school age, the psychosocial crisis is Industry vs. Withdrawal.
False
Old age is characterized by the crisis of Integrity vs. Despair with wisdom as the basic strength.
True
What is the primary need of the infant in the Oral Stage?
To develop a sense of trust through consistent and reliable caregivers
During the Anal Stage, what is the primary task?
To develop a sense of autonomy and self-control
What is the primary psychological crisis during the Phallic Stage?
Initiative vs. Guilt
During the Genital Stage, what is the primary task?
To explore identities and roles to form a sense of self
What is the primary psychological crisis during the Latency Stage?
Industry vs. Inferiority
During the Oral Stage, what is the primary way the infant learns to navigate the environment?
Through sucking, biting, and chewing
What is the primary psychological crisis during the Anal Stage?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
During the Phallic Stage, what is the primary way the child develops a sense of autonomy?
Through initiating activities and developing a sense of purpose
What is the primary way the child develops a sense of competence during the Latency Stage?
Through learning new skills and developing a sense of competence
Study Notes
Psychosocial Stages of Development
- Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.
Infancy (0-1 year)
- Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
- Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
- Important event: Feeding
- Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
- Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
- Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)
Early Childhood (1-3 years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Radius of significant relations: Parents
- Important event: Toilet training
- Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
- Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
- Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)
Play Age (3-6 years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
- Radius of significant relations: Basic family
- Important event: Independence
- Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
- Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
- Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)
School Age (6-12 years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
- Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
- Important event: School
- Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
- Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
- Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)
Adolescence (12-18 years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
- Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
- Important event: Peer relationships
- Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
- Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
- Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)
Young Adulthood (18-30 years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
- Important event: Love relationships
- Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
- Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
- Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)
Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
- Important event: Parenting
- Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
- Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
- Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)
Old Age (60+ years)
- Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
- Radius of significant relations: Mankind
- Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
- Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
- Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
- Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)
Psychoanalytic Developmental Stages
Oral Stage (0-1 year)
- The infant develops trust through consistent and reliable caregivers.
- Oral exploration through sucking, biting, and chewing helps navigate the environment.
- Key task: Develop trust and a sense of security.
Anal Stage (1-3 years)
- The toddler learns to assert independence and self-control through toilet training and exploration.
- Anal expulsiveness helps develop autonomy and self-control.
- Key task: Develop a sense of autonomy and self-control.
Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
- The preschooler learns to initiate activities and develop a sense of purpose.
- The Oedipal complex develops feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent.
- Key task: Develop a sense of initiative and purpose.
Genital Stage (puberty and adolescence)
- The adolescent explores identities and roles to form a sense of self.
- Pubertal changes lead to the formation of a sense of identity.
- Key task: Develop a sense of identity and explore roles.
Latency Stage (6-12 years)
- The school-age child learns new skills and develops a sense of competence.
- Socialization builds relationships with peers.
- Key task: Develop a sense of competence and industry.
Explore the eight psychosexual stages of development according to Erik Erikson's theory. This quiz covers the stages, crises, and strengths associated with each period.
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