Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the individual who developed the "Identity Theory"?

Erik Erikson

According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is the primary focus of the first stage of psychosocial development?

  • Trust vs. Mistrust (correct)
  • Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Initiative vs. Guilt

    • Which of the following is a basic strength associated with the successful resolution of the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?

  • Competence
  • Purpose
  • Hope
  • Will (correct)

    • At which stage does Erikson's theory suggest individuals face the crisis of Identity Cohesion vs. Role Confusion?

    <p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic strength associated with successfully navigating the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?

    <p>Love (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's theory suggests that the development of personality is a continuous and lifelong process.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erikson, what is the central question individuals confront during the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage?

    <p>How can I fashion a &quot;gift&quot;? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core concept that Erikson refers to as the "turning point" at each developmental stage?

    <p>Crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's theory suggests that resolving a crisis in one stage guarantees a successful outcome in subsequent stages.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's theory emphasizes the role of what two factors in shaping personality development?

    <p>Nature and nurture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic weakness that Erikson identified as a result of an unsuccessful resolution of the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?

    <p>Fanaticism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's theory has been criticized for neglecting which aspect of aging?

    <p>The negative aspects of aging and the challenges of later life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's theory is widely recognized for its contributions to the understanding of identity development in adolescence.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the primary methods that Erikson employed in his research?

    <p>Case studies, play therapy, anthropological studies, and psychohistorical analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's theoretical framework is considered entirely deterministic, suggesting that individuals have no control over their development.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a significant contribution of Erikson's theory?

    <p>The emphasis on the importance of early childhood experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the ego consisting solely of a single way of coping with conflict?

    <p>Maldevelopment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Erik Erikson's Theory

    A lifespan approach to personality development, focusing on how personality changes throughout life.

    Epigenetic Principle

    The idea that personality development unfolds in a set sequence, influenced by both genetics and environment.

    Psychosocial Stages

    Erikson's eight stages of development, each marked by a specific conflict or crisis.

    Trust vs. Mistrust

    The first stage of psychosocial development (birth – 1 year), focusing on building trust from consistent care.

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    Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

    The second psychosocial stage (2–3 years), during which children develop a sense of independence.

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    Initiative vs. Guilt

    The third stage (3–5 years) where children learn to initiate activities or feel guilty about their attempts.

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    Industry vs. Inferiority

    The fourth stage (6–11 years) focused on developing competence in school and social settings.

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    Identity vs. Role Confusion

    The fifth psychosocial stage (12–18 years), where teenagers develop a sense of self-identity.

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    Intimacy vs. Isolation

    The sixth stage (19–35 years) focused on forming intimate relationships or feeling isolated.

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    Generativity vs. Stagnation

    The seventh stage (35–55 years) focusing on contributing to society or feeling unproductive.

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    Ego Integrity vs. Despair

    The eighth and final stage (55 years – end of life) where individuals reflect on their lives and develop a sense of fulfillment or despair.

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    Identity Crisis

    A period of inner conflict and uncertainty during adolescence, resulting from the struggle to establish a sense of self.

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    Hope

    The basic strength emerging from resolution in the trust vs. mistrust stage, representing a positive outlook on the future and belief desires will be satisfied.

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    Will

    The basic strength emerging from the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, representing a determination to exercise freedom and independence.

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    Purpose

    The basic strength emerging from the initiative vs. guilt stage, representing a courage to envision and pursue ones goals.

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    Competence

    The basic strength emerging during the industry vs. inferiority stage, representing the ability to exercise skill and intelligence in tasks.

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    Fidelity

    The basic strength from Identity vs. Role Confusion, representing the sincerity and genuineness, Sense of duty.

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    Love

    The basic strength fromIntimacy vs. Isolation representing a mutual devotion in a shared identity and relationships.

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    Care

    The basic strength from Generativity vs. Stagnation representing concern for others, especially future generations.

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    Wisdom

    The basic strength from Ego Integrity vs. Despair stage, representing acceptance of one's life and overall fulfillment in one's life.

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    Study Notes

    Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

    • Erikson's theory extends Freud's theory by examining personality development throughout the lifespan
    • It emphasizes the impact of social and cultural factors on personality development.
    • Erikson's theory posits that development occurs through a series of eight stages, each characterized by a unique psychosocial crisis.

    Stages of Psychosocial Development

    • Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year): Development is based on interaction with the primary caregiver. Trust stems from consistent care, while mistrust arises from inconsistent or unreliable care.

      • Basic strength: Hope
      • Maldevelopment: Sensory maladjustment

    • Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years): This stage focuses on developing physical and mental abilities and exercising independence. Children who are encouraged and supported develop a sense of autonomy, while those who are criticized or restricted may experience shame and doubt.

      • Basic strength: Will
      • Maldevelopment: Shameless willfulness

    • Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years): Children begin to initiate activities and explore their fantasies. Positive experiences lead to initiative, while negative experiences may result in guilt.

      • Basic strength: Purpose
      • Maldevelopment: Compulsion

    • Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years): This stage centers around school and social experiences. Positive reinforcement and successful completion of tasks fosters a sense of industry, while negative experiences can lead to feelings of inferiority.

      • Basic strength: Competence
      • Maldevelopment: Ruthlessness

    • Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years): Adolescence is a crucial stage for the formation of a consistent and congruent self-image. Failure to resolve this crisis can lead to role confusion.

      • Basic strength: Fidelity
      • Maldevelopment: Fanaticism

    • Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-35 years): Young adults explore intimate relationships and committed partnerships. Failure to establish intimacy can lead to isolation.

      • Basic strength: Love
      • Maldevelopment: Repudiation

    • Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (35-55 years): Middle-aged adults focus on contributing to future generations through teaching, mentoring, and guiding. Stagnation results from a lack of productivity or concern for the future.

      • Basic strength: Care
      • Maldevelopment: Promiscuity

    • Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (55+ years): Older adults reflect on their life's accomplishments and experiences. A sense of fulfillment and self-acceptance (ego integrity) contrasts with regret and despair.

      • Basic strength: Wisdom
      • Maldevelopment: Distain

    Additional Considerations

    • Epigenetic Principle: Development is governed by the sequence of stages, and each stage builds upon previous stages
    • Each stage presents a crisis that needs to be resolved.
    • Maldevelopment: In successful resolution of stages, the ego develops adaptive coping mechanisms, but maldevelopment can lead maladjustment.
    • Resolution of Crisis: The resolution of a crisis is not permanent. If a crisis is not positively resolved, it can create challenges in future stages, sometimes leading to psychological problems.
    • Free Will vs. Determinism & Nature vs Nurture: Erikson's theory considers both free will and determinism, nature and nurture influences and the importance of past and present focus.

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    Related Documents

    Mod 12 Erikson Online (Independent Module) PDF

    Description

    Explore Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which extends Freud's work by detailing eight distinct stages of personality growth. Each stage presents a unique crisis that influences an individual's social and cultural experiences. Understand how interactions with caregivers and societal influences shape personality from infancy to adulthood.

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