Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stage theory of development?

  • The importance of reinforcement in learning behavior
  • The impact of environment on personality development
  • The conflict between psychological needs and societal expectations (correct)
  • The role of genetics in shaping personality

    • According to Erikson, what is the outcome of successfully completing each stage of development?

  • A sense of despair and hopelessness
  • A focus on the next stage of development
  • A reduced ability to complete further stages
  • A healthier personality and acquisition of basic virtues (correct)

    • What is the age range for the stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion?

  • 18-40 years
  • 0-1½ years
  • 12-18 years (correct)
  • 1½-3 years

    • What is the basic virtue acquired during the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt?

    <p>Purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failing to successfully complete a stage of development, according to Erikson?

    <p>A reduced ability to complete further stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the crisis of Generativity vs. Stagnation occur?

    <p>40-65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic virtue acquired during the stage of Trust vs. Mistrust?

    <p>Hope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the stage of Ego Integrity vs. Despair?

    <p>65+ years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

    <p>Self-control without a loss of self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

    <p>Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of children during the initiative versus guilt stage?

    <p>They assert themselves more frequently through directing play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a child's tendency to initiate activities is squelched during the initiative versus guilt stage?

    <p>The child develops a sense of guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of too much guilt during the initiative versus guilt stage?

    <p>Slowed interaction with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children begin to ask many questions during the initiative versus guilt stage?

    <p>Because their thirst for knowledge grows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if parents treat a child's questions as trivial during the initiative versus guilt stage?

    <p>The child develops a sense of guilt for being a nuisance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a healthy balance between initiative and guilt during the initiative versus guilt stage?

    <p>It allows the child to exercise self-control and have a conscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of psychosocial development do children typically learn to read and write?

    <p>Industry vs. Inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of success in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

    <p>The virtue of competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of teachers during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

    <p>To teach specific skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of failure in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

    <p>A sense of inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of psychosocial development do adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity?

    <p>Identity vs. Role Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of adolescents during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?

    <p>To explore personal values and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the peer group during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

    <p>It is a source of self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balance that is necessary to achieve in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

    <p>Between competence and modesty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erikson, what is the primary focus of children during this stage?

    <p>Developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the virtue that children develop if they are successful in this stage?

    <p>Will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to children if they are criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to assert themselves during this stage?

    <p>They become overly dependent upon others and lack self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a child's growing sense of independence and autonomy during this stage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the delicate balance that parents need to achieve during this stage?

    <p>Between protecting the child and letting them explore their abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parents avoid doing during this stage?

    <p>Criticizing the child for failures and accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parents do to encourage a sense of control in their children during this stage?

    <p>Allow the child to explore the limits of their abilities within an encouraging environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of children being encouraged and supported in their increased independence during this stage?

    <p>They become more confident and secure in their abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of pressuring someone into an identity?

    <p>Rebellion in the form of establishing a negative identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development do individuals experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them?

    <p>Generativity vs. Stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary conflict during the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

    <p>Forming intimate, loving relationships with other people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of successfully completing the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

    <p>Sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the virtue that results from successfully completing the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

    <p>Love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of failing to find a way to contribute during the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation?

    <p>Shallow involvement in the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range during which the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation takes place?

    <p>18 to 40 yrs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of individuals during the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation?

    <p>To make a positive impact on the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Erik Erikson: Identity Theory

    Life and Work

    • Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
    • Each stage involves a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.

    Psychosocial Stage Theory

    • Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues.
    • Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self.
    • These stages can be resolved successfully at a later time.

    Stages of Psychosocial Development

    1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0 - 1½)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
    • Basic virtue: Hope
    • Children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.

    2. Autonomy vs. Shame (1½ - 3)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame
    • Basic virtue: Will
    • Children focus on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
    • Success in this stage leads to the virtue of will.

    3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
    • Basic virtue: Purpose
    • Children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction.
    • If given the opportunity, children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions.

    4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
    • Basic virtue: Competency
    • Children learn to read and write, do sums, and do things on their own.
    • They feel the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies valued by society.

    5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Role Confusion
    • Basic virtue: Fidelity
    • Adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.

    6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
    • Basic virtue: Love
    • Young adults form intimate, loving relationships with other people.
    • Successful completion of this stage can result in happy relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship.

    7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
    • Basic virtue: Care
    • Middle-aged individuals experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them.
    • They give back to society through raising their children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations.

    8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (65+)

    • Psychosocial crisis: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
    • Basic virtue: Wisdom
    • Older adults reflect on their lives and feel a sense of satisfaction and contentment, or a sense of regret and despair.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the life and work of Erik Erikson, a renowned psychologist, and his psychosocial stage theory of development. It includes the eight stages of personality development from infancy to adulthood.

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