Erikson's Psychosocial Development Stages

This stage, from infancy to 18 months, focuses on developing trust in caregivers. A baby learns to rely on others for basic needs like food and comfort. If these needs are met consistently, the baby develops a sense of trust in the world. If not, they may develop mistrust.

This stage, from 18 months to three years, is about a child gaining independence and developing a sense of self. They learn to do things on their own like walking, talking, and dressing. If encouraged and supported, they develop a sense of autonomy. If over-controlled or criticized, they may feel shame and doubt their abilities.

This stage, from three to five years, is about a child exploring their environment and taking initiative. They start playing pretend, making decisions, and engaging in imaginative activities. If encouraged, they develop a sense of purpose. If discouraged or punished for their initiative, they may develop guilt.

This stage, from 5 to 13 years, focuses on mastering skills and achieving competence. Children start comparing themselves to peers and strive to succeed in schoolwork, sports, and social activities. If they're successful, they develop a sense of competence. If they struggle or feel inadequate, they may develop feelings of inferiority.

This stage, from 13 to 21 years, focuses on identity formation. Teens explore who they are, what they believe in, and what they want to be. They experiment with different roles and identities. If they successfully navigate this stage, they develop a strong sense of self. If they struggle, they may experience identity confusion.

This stage, typically during late adulthood (65+), involves looking back on one's life and accepting its successes and failures. A sense of satisfaction with life's journey leads to integrity, while regrets and feelings of unfulfilled potential lead to despair.

During middle adulthood (40s-60s), this stage focuses on leaving a positive mark on the world and contributing to future generations. Feeling a sense of purpose through acts of care, mentorship, or community involvement fosters generativity. A lack of this leads to stagnation, a sense of emptiness and unfulfillment.

This stage, occurring during young adulthood (20s-30s), involves forming deep, meaningful, and committed relationships. The ability to share, be vulnerable, and commit lays the foundation for strong bonds. Failure to navigate this stage can lead to isolation and loneliness.

The period of adolescence where individuals actively explore their roles, values, and beliefs to develop a strong sense of self.

A successful resolution of the identity crisis, leading to a clear understanding of who you are and your place in the world.

Feeling confused and uncertain about your values, beliefs, and goals. This can lead to a sense of fragmentation and difficulty making choices.

The internal and external conflicts that individuals face during specific stages of development.

The positive outcome of successfully navigating a psychosocial crisis, leading to the development of key personality strengths.

The negative outcome of unresolved psychosocial crises, leading to personality patterns that limit personal growth and social interactions.

Exploring different roles, values, and beliefs to better understand yourself.

The commitment to chosen roles, values, and beliefs that solidifies your sense of identity.

The feeling of disconnection or fragmentation, resulting from a lack of clarity regarding your place in society.

The process of developing a sense of identity or self-concept.