Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic strength developed during the infancy stage?

  • Will
  • Competency
  • Hope (correct)
  • Purpose

In Erikson's stages of development, which psychosocial crisis occurs during early childhood?

  • Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (correct)
  • Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Industry vs. Inferiority

What is the radius of significant relations during the play age?

  • Neighborhood
  • Maternal Person
  • Basic Family (correct)
  • Parents

Which maladaptive tendency is associated with the school age stage?

<p>Narrow Virtuosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the important event during adolescence according to Erikson's stages?

<p>Peer Relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the psychosocial crisis of 'Intimacy vs. Isolation' occur?

<p>Young Adulthood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage concerns the important event of 'Parenting'?

<p>Middle Adulthood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic strength developed during old age?

<p>Wisdom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial crisis is characterized by the choice between 'Generativity vs. Stagnation'?

<p>Middle Adulthood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant relation during the 'Identity vs. Identity Confusion' stage?

<p>Peer groups and Outgroups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial crisis is associated with the infancy stage?

<p>Trust vs. Mistrust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which basic strength is developed during early childhood?

<p>Will (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of significant relations during the school age stage?

<p>Neighborhood, School (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which important event marks the adolescence stage?

<p>Peer Relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maladaptive tendency corresponds to the play age stage?

<p>Ruthlessness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves the psychosocial crisis of 'Integrity vs. Despair'?

<p>Old Age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial crisis involves staying true to one's identity and roles?

<p>Identity vs. Identity Confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of significant relations during young adulthood?

<p>Partners in friendship, sex, Competition, Cooperation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage concerns developing a sense of care through parenting?

<p>Middle Adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Presumptive wisdom without facing age-related difficulties is a sign of which tendency?

<p>Presumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maladaptive tendency associated with the adolescence stage?

<p>Fanaticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is characterized by the psychosocial crisis of Initiative vs. Guilt?

<p>Play Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic strength developed during school age?

<p>Competency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosexual stage and mode is associated with early childhood?

<p>Anal-Urethral, Muscular (Retentive-Expulsive) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignant tendency during old age?

<p>Disdain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial crisis is encountered during middle adulthood?

<p>Generativity vs. Stagnation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of significant relations during early childhood?

<p>Parents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosexual stage and mode is linked to young adulthood?

<p>Genitality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the important event during infancy?

<p>Feeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic strength developed during middle adulthood?

<p>Care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What basic strength is associated with the play age period?

<p>Purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage is the important event 'Toilet Training'?

<p>Early Childhood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosexual stage and mode is related to old age?

<p>Genital Generalization of Sensual Modes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignant tendency during early childhood?

<p>Compulsiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the psychosocial crisis during adolescence?

<p>Identity vs. Identity Confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period involves the psychosexual stage 'Genital Procreativity'?

<p>Middle Adulthood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of significant relations during middle adulthood?

<p>Divided labor and shared household (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which basic strength is developed during young adulthood?

<p>Love (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period concerns the important event 'reflection and acceptance of one's life'?

<p>Old Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maladaptive tendency can develop during middle adulthood?

<p>Over Extension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic strength developed during play age?

<p>Purpose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves the psychosexual mode of Anal-Urethral?

<p>Early Childhood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignant tendency during middle adulthood?

<p>Rejectivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial crisis is associated with the old age stage?

<p>Integrity vs. Despair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maladaptive tendency during infancy?

<p>Sensory Maladjustment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosexual stage and mode is linked to adolescence?

<p>Puberty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the important event during the young adulthood stage?

<p>Love Relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant relation during early childhood?

<p>Parents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maladaptive tendency corresponds to adolescence?

<p>Fanaticism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic strength developed during adolescence?

<p>Fidelity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the important event of 'Feeding' take place?

<p>Infancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maladaptive tendency associated with young adulthood?

<p>Promiscuity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period involves the psychosocial crisis of 'Generativity vs. Stagnation'?

<p>Middle Adulthood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic strength developed during adolescence?

<p>Fidelity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which malignant tendency is associated with the play age stage?

<p>Inhibition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosexual stage and mode is related to old age?

<p>Genital Generalization of Sensual Modes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What basic strength is associated with the play age period?

<p>Purpose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial crisis involves the radius of significant relations being 'Neighborhood, School'?

<p>Industry vs. Inferiority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant relation during middle adulthood?

<p>Divided labor and shared household (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of significant relations during old age?

<p>Mankind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Psychosocial Stages of Development

  • Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.

Infancy (0-1 year)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
  • Important event: Feeding
  • Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
  • Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Radius of significant relations: Parents
  • Important event: Toilet training
  • Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
  • Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)

Play Age (3-6 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Radius of significant relations: Basic family
  • Important event: Independence
  • Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
  • Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)

School Age (6-12 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
  • Important event: School
  • Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
  • Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
  • Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
  • Important event: Peer relationships
  • Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
  • Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)

Young Adulthood (18-30 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
  • Important event: Love relationships
  • Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
  • Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)

Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
  • Important event: Parenting
  • Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
  • Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)

Old Age (60+ years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
  • Radius of significant relations: Mankind
  • Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
  • Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
  • Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)

Psychosocial Stages of Development

  • Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.

Infancy (0-1 year)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
  • Important event: Feeding
  • Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
  • Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Radius of significant relations: Parents
  • Important event: Toilet training
  • Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
  • Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)

Play Age (3-6 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Radius of significant relations: Basic family
  • Important event: Independence
  • Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
  • Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)

School Age (6-12 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
  • Important event: School
  • Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
  • Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
  • Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
  • Important event: Peer relationships
  • Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
  • Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)

Young Adulthood (18-30 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
  • Important event: Love relationships
  • Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
  • Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)

Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
  • Important event: Parenting
  • Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
  • Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)

Old Age (60+ years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
  • Radius of significant relations: Mankind
  • Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
  • Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
  • Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)

Psychosocial Stages of Development

  • Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.

Infancy (0-1 year)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
  • Important event: Feeding
  • Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
  • Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Radius of significant relations: Parents
  • Important event: Toilet training
  • Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
  • Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)

Play Age (3-6 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Radius of significant relations: Basic family
  • Important event: Independence
  • Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
  • Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)

School Age (6-12 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
  • Important event: School
  • Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
  • Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
  • Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
  • Important event: Peer relationships
  • Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
  • Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)

Young Adulthood (18-30 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
  • Important event: Love relationships
  • Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
  • Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)

Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
  • Important event: Parenting
  • Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
  • Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)

Old Age (60+ years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
  • Radius of significant relations: Mankind
  • Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
  • Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
  • Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)

Psychosocial Stages of Development

  • Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.

Infancy (0-1 year)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
  • Important event: Feeding
  • Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
  • Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Radius of significant relations: Parents
  • Important event: Toilet training
  • Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
  • Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)

Play Age (3-6 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Radius of significant relations: Basic family
  • Important event: Independence
  • Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
  • Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)

School Age (6-12 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
  • Important event: School
  • Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
  • Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
  • Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
  • Important event: Peer relationships
  • Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
  • Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)

Young Adulthood (18-30 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
  • Important event: Love relationships
  • Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
  • Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)

Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
  • Important event: Parenting
  • Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
  • Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)

Old Age (60+ years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
  • Radius of significant relations: Mankind
  • Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
  • Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
  • Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)

Psychosocial Stages of Development

  • Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.

Infancy (0-1 year)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
  • Important event: Feeding
  • Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
  • Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Radius of significant relations: Parents
  • Important event: Toilet training
  • Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
  • Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)

Play Age (3-6 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Radius of significant relations: Basic family
  • Important event: Independence
  • Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
  • Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)

School Age (6-12 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
  • Important event: School
  • Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
  • Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
  • Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
  • Important event: Peer relationships
  • Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
  • Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)

Young Adulthood (18-30 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
  • Important event: Love relationships
  • Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
  • Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)

Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
  • Important event: Parenting
  • Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
  • Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)

Old Age (60+ years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
  • Radius of significant relations: Mankind
  • Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
  • Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
  • Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)

Psychosocial Stages of Development

  • Erik Erikson's theory proposes eight stages of development, each with a unique psychosocial crisis, radius of significant relations, and important events.

Infancy (0-1 year)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
  • Radius of significant relations: Maternal person
  • Important event: Feeding
  • Basic strength: Hope (believing children can fulfill their needs and desires)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Sensory maladjustment (overly trusting, gullible, unrealistic, spoiled)
  • Malignant tendency: Withdrawal (never trusting, paranoid, neurotic, depressive)

Early Childhood (1-3 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Radius of significant relations: Parents
  • Important event: Toilet training
  • Basic strength: Will (developing independence in many tasks)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Impulsiveness (shameless willfulness, reckless, inconsiderate)
  • Malignant tendency: Compulsiveness (perfectionism, rule follower, constrained)

Play Age (3-6 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Radius of significant relations: Basic family
  • Important event: Independence
  • Basic strength: Purpose (envisioning and pursuing goals without guilt or fear of punishment)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Ruthlessness (no consideration for others in achieving goals)
  • Malignant tendency: Inhibition (too much guilt, unable to take risks)

School Age (6-12 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Radius of significant relations: Neighborhood, school
  • Important event: School
  • Basic strength: Competency (developing self-confidence in abilities)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Narrow virtuosity (overemphasis on one area of competence)
  • Malignant tendency: Inertia (inferiority complex, lacking motivation)

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Identity vs. Identity Confusion
  • Radius of significant relations: Peer groups and outgroups
  • Important event: Peer relationships
  • Basic strength: Fidelity (sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Fanaticism (believing "their way" is the only way)
  • Malignant tendency: Repudiation (abandoning identity and membership in the world of adults)

Young Adulthood (18-30 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation
  • Radius of significant relations: Partners in friendship, sex, competition, and cooperation
  • Important event: Love relationships
  • Basic strength: Love (mutual devotion between partners)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Promiscuity (intimacy too easily, too freely)
  • Malignant tendency: Exclusion (isolation from everyone)

Middle Adulthood (30-60 years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
  • Radius of significant relations: Divided labor and shared household
  • Important event: Parenting
  • Basic strength: Care (widening commitment to take care of persons, products, and ideas)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Over extension (no relaxation or rest)
  • Malignant tendency: Rejectivity (no participation or contribution to society)

Old Age (60+ years)

  • Psychosocial crisis: Integrity vs. Despair
  • Radius of significant relations: Mankind
  • Important event: Reflection and acceptance of one's life
  • Basic strength: Wisdom (informed and detached concern with life in the face of death)
  • Maladaptive tendency: Presumption (assuming ego integrity without facing difficulties)
  • Malignant tendency: Disdain (contempt for life, one's own or anyone's)

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