Ch 1 pg 7-14 general principals of firefighting Handbook of tactics
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Questions and Answers

What is the most basic principle of firefighting?

  • Extinguishing the fire
  • Property protection
  • Minimizing damage
  • Human life takes precedence over all other concerns (correct)

    • When sufficient personnel are not Available to effect both rescue and extinguishment, what must take priority?

  • Extinguishing the fire before rescuing
  • Assisting other company members
  • Gathering additional resources
  • Rescue must be given priority (correct)

    • What is the quickest means to get to a person who slumped back into a window? Pg 7

  • Through the interior stairs
  • Entering the structure only if fully equipped
  • A portable ladder on the pumper (correct)
  • Calling for backup before proceeding

    • How many minutes without o2 before a victim suffers brain damage?

    <p>4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the building were larger and contained more victims (8-10) or if location not immediately known what would be the most important priority?

    <p>Get the hoseline operating between the fire and victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a necessity in concept 2? Dealing with a lack of personnel

    <p>First preform the task that protect the greatest number of human lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using the word savable in the discussion of life hazards what is a important considerations?

    <p>It depends on where they are in relation to the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does concept 3 deal with?

    <p>Removing those in greatest danger first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another location to immediatly search?

    <p>Staircases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The actions the FFs take regardless of the type of incident they encounter will almost always follow what sequence?

    <p>Size up, locate, confine and extinguish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is locating the fire within the building important for firefighters?

    <p>To avoid entering the building from a disadvantageous position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters use to assist in locating a fire more effectively?

    <p>Thermal imaging cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is typically undertaken simultaneously with the size-up?

    <p>Locating the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does conducting a 360° walk-around provide firefighters?

    <p>It enables identification of potential access and hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of actions that firefighters typically follow at an incident site?

    <p>Size-up, locate, confine, extinguish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for locating the fire site within the building?

    <p>The scouting members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'savable' refer to in firefighting?

    <p>A person in a room filled with smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 4th concept?

    <p>When sufficient personnel are available to perform both functions, they must carry out a coordinated fire attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a fire response, what should be prioritized while enroute?

    <p>Pre fire plans that are located in the cads system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated after locating the fire?

    <p>Confinement of the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last rule of firefighting

    <p>Let circumstances dictate procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a firefighter prioritize confinement over extinguishment?

    <p>When there is a risk of fire extension inside the building and the resources needed to achieve extinguishment are not yet in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in decision making for fire officers?

    <p>A sound understanding of fire dynamics allows for better decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'flow path' refer to in firefighting context?

    <p>The path taken by smoke and gases during a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do when in doubt during firefighting operations?

    <p>Err on the side of caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the International society of fire service instructors (ISFSI) advocate for adopting a new acronym for conducting structural fire attack?

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the next highest priority after those in immediate danger?

    <p>Those directly above the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last priority for removing individuals during a fire rescue operation?

    <p>Individuals below the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it justified for firefighters to take extraordinary risks?

    <p>When there are savable lives at stake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of venting the stairwell too early during a fire?

    <p>It may intensify the draft, drawing fire towards the stairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do when there are visible occupants waiting for rescue?

    <p>Identify the true danger inside the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the fire apartment door be kept closed during an incident?

    <p>To confine fire, heat, and smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SLICE-RS stand for in the context of structural fire attack?

    <p>Size up, Locate the fire, Identify and control the flow path, Cool the fire, Extinguish the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect must firefighters be constantly aware of regarding fire spread?

    <p>Six possible directions of spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does concept 4 state?

    <p>When sufficient personnel are available to preform both functions, they must carry out a coordinated fire attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word ____ should be used in the discussion of life hazards

    <p>Savable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed slice-rs

    <p>ISFSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The last rule in firefighting is a brief one. Let _____ dictate procedures

    <p>Circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Principles of Firefighting

    • Human life is the top priority in firefighting, including that of the firefighters themselves, as casualties hinder rescue operations and impact families and communities.
    • In scenarios with limited personnel, rescue must take precedence over fire suppression to save lives.
    • Firefighters must assess resources quickly; simultaneous rescue and suppression may not be feasible.
    • The principle of positioning hoselines effectively is crucial for saving lives, often outweighing other methods to control the fire.

    Factors Influencing Decision-Making

    • Nature of the fire: Modern fires rapidly consume oxygen and lead to hazardous conditions for victims.
    • Location of victims: Those below the fire or behind closed doors are often in safer conditions.
    • Number of victims: More victims require prioritizing hoselines to protect the escape routes and enable potential rescues.
    • Availability of resources: Limited personnel means decisions must be made quickly, often leading to prioritization of victims' safety.

    Rescue Strategies

    • Prioritize fast and safe access to victims, often requiring hoselines to be extended into dangerous areas.
    • Rescue efforts may still focus on saving lives even if the physical structure is lost.
    • Survivability profiles have evolved, indicating that closed doors can provide safe environments for occupants amidst fire.

    Decision-Making Priorities

    • Assess the fire’s location and spread upon arrival.
    • Count the number of potential victims present in the building.
    • Understand the building layout to ensure safe routes for evacuation and firefighter entry.
    • Consider the time of day, water availability, and fire size when responding to incidents.

    Sequential Actions for Fire Control

    • Size-up: Conduct thorough evaluations from the moment of alarm to understand the situation before action.
    • Locate: Identify both the fire building and the specific site of the fire for effective intervention.
    • Confine: Limit the fire spread by identifying potential paths of fire travel in six directions (left, right, ahead, back, up, down).
    • Extinguish: Finalize actions with an aggressive attack on the fire to eliminate the threat.

    Life Hazard Considerations

    • When lives are in danger, firefighters must take calculated risks to rescue trapped individuals, prioritizing those nearest to the fire and on upper floors where heat and smoke accumulate.
    • Situations involving victims at greater risk must be assessed continuously; those in high danger must be rescued first.
    • Decisions must consider not only visible threats but also potential unseen victims who can't signal for help.

    Importance of Coordination

    • An effective firefighting strategy incorporates both extinguishment and victim evacuation to enhance life safety.
    • Regular drills and updates to methods are crucial for adapting to evolving fire behavior and maintaining firefighter safety.

    Final Notes

    • Assessing risk must involve an understanding of occupancies and potential hazards, avoiding unnecessary danger when no occupants can be saved.
    • Prioritizing the safety of responders while maximizing rescue efforts is essential in developing effective firefighting tactics.### Firefighting Tactics and Strategies
    • Understanding firefighting sequence is essential to avoid inter-unit conflicts during operations.
    • Defensive positions may be necessary to protect exposures over extinguishing the original fire.
    • Protection of exposures should be prioritized, especially in scenarios with occupied areas.

    SLICE-RS Model for Fire Attack

    • Introduced by the International Society of Fire Service Instructors (ISFSI) based on research findings.
    • SLICE-RS acronym breakdown:
    • Size up the situation
    • Locate the fire
    • Identify and control the flow path
    • Cool the fire from a safe location
    • Extinguish the fire
    • Additional actions of opportunity include Rescue and Salvage.
    • Critique of SLICE-RS: Rescue should be prioritized higher in firefighting tactics.

    Importance of Flexibility in Firefighting

    • Circumstances dictate the appropriate response; rigid adherence to SOPs without adaptability can lead to poor decision-making.
    • Fire officers must analyze situations, anticipate scenarios, and utilize a sound understanding of fire dynamics for effective decision-making.
    • SOPs and SOGs are intended for "standard" fires and may not apply to unconventional scenarios.

    Confinement Over Extinguishment

    • In complex fire environments, prioritizing confinement to prevent fire extension may be more critical than immediate extinguishment.
    • Flow path control can enhance firefighting effectiveness; maintaining a closed door can limit oxygen availability and slow fire growth.
    • Important strategies include deploying personnel to control fire spread in multi-dwelling incidents.

    Real-World Application

    • Past experiences highlight the necessity of prioritizing fire containment over direct engagement in complex structures.
    • Example: In a row house fire, the strategy was to prevent fire spread to an entire building row rather than confront an underground fire directly.

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