Epithelial Tissue Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason epithelial tissue is described as avascular?

  • It receives nutrition through diffusion from connected blood vessels.
  • It lacks nerve supply.
  • It has no blood or lymph vessels penetrating it. (correct)
  • It has a high amount of intercellular substance.

Which classification of epithelial tissue is specifically formed for secretion?

  • Glandular epithelium (correct)
  • Simple epithelium
  • Myo-epithelium
  • Neuro-epithelium

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical of epithelial tissue?

  • Highly innervated
  • Minimal regeneration capacity (correct)
  • Crowded cells
  • Presence of a basement membrane

What type of epithelial cells are modified to be contractile?

<p>Myo-epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ciliated columnar epithelium?

<p>Movement of substances across the surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes stratified epithelium?

<p>It consists of multiple layers of cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is primarily involved in receiving stimuli?

<p>Neuro-epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial tissue can be derived from which of the following germ layers?

<p>Ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of exocrine glands compared to endocrine glands?

<p>Exocrine glands have a duct system for secretion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is an example of an endocrine gland?

<p>Thyroid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of simple squamous epithelium in the lungs?

<p>Gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland is primarily composed of one cell?

<p>Goblet cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a location where simple columnar epithelium is found?

<p>Thyroid follicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mixed glands differ from purely exocrine or endocrine glands?

<p>Mixed glands have both endocrine and exocrine components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of cells in simple cubical epithelium?

<p>Cube-like (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is unique to the structure of exocrine glands?

<p>They possess a duct system for secretion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes simple columnar ciliated epithelium from other types?

<p>Presence of cilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is simple squamous epithelium primarily functionally important?

<p>In gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is associated with simple cubical epithelium?

<p>Secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is likely to be found lining the heart and blood vessels?

<p>Simple squamous epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of cilia in simple columnar ciliated epithelium?

<p>Moving particles in one direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium?

<p>It features cells with nuclei at different levels giving a false impression of stratification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following locations is pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with cilia typically found?

<p>Epididymis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells?

<p>Secretion of mucous and protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures contains non-motile cilia (stereocilia)?

<p>Vas deferens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes stratified epithelium from pseudo-stratified epithelium?

<p>Stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the structural characteristics of non-ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium?

<p>Has crowded cells with various heights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary site where stratified squamous epithelium can be found?

<p>Esophagus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are primarily found in pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium?

<p>Tall columnar cells and short basal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes keratinized stratified squamous epithelium from non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>Presence of keratin scales in the top layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is primarily found in the ducts of sweat glands?

<p>Stratified cuboidal epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to transitional epithelium when the bladder is full?

<p>It decreases to 2-3 layers due to cell flattening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the superficial cells in transitional epithelium?

<p>Facilitating the gliding of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures contains stratified columnar ciliated epithelium?

<p>Fetal esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes the intermediate layers of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

<p>They are cuboidal and 2-3 layers thick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT classify glandular epithelium?

<p>Presence of connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do stratified columnar epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium differ?

<p>Type of cells in the top layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of secretion is characterized by containing enzymes and having a small diameter?

<p>Serous secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural difference between serous and mucous acini?

<p>Serous acini have fewer myoepithelial cells than mucous acini. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of secretion involves the destruction of the whole cell during the secretion process?

<p>Holocrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland is primarily associated with serous secretion?

<p>Parotid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure primarily supports the neuro-epithelium?

<p>Basal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of secretion is produced by sebaceous glands?

<p>Fatty secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of secretion characterized by vacuolated cytoplasm and distinct cell boundaries is produced by which acinus?

<p>Mucous acinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cells in the neuro-epithelium?

<p>Pyramidal sensory cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue

A tissue made up of closely packed cells resting on a basement membrane, with minimal intercellular substance, and lacking blood vessels.

Simple Epithelium

A type of surface epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells.

Stratified Epithelium

A type of surface epithelium consisting of multiple layers of cells.

Squamous Cells

Flattened, scale-like epithelial cells.

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Cuboidal Cells

Cube-shaped epithelial cells.

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Columnar Cells

Tall, column-shaped epithelial cells.

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Glandular Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances.

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Basement Membrane

A thin layer of extracellular material that separates the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue.

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Simple Squamous Epithelium

A single layer of flat cells resembling fish scales, forming thin sheets.

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A single layer of cube-shaped cells, with nuclei centrally located.

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Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of tall, column-like cells with oval nuclei.

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Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

A single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with cilia.

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Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium lining heart and blood/ lymphatic vessels.

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Mesothelium

Simple squamous epithelium lining serous membranes.

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Pneumocytes I

Simple squamous epithelium lining alveoli of lungs.

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Bowman's Capsule

Location where filtration and diffusion happen in the kidney.

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Exocrine glands

Glands that release their secretions through a duct system to the surface of the body or into a cavity.

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Endocrine glands

Ductless glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.

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Mixed glands

Glands that have both exocrine and endocrine functions.

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Unicellular gland

A gland formed by a single cell, like a goblet cell.

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Multicellular gland

A gland formed by a group of cells.

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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A simple epithelium appearing layered due to varying cell heights, but all cells rest on the basement membrane.

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Non-ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar

Pseudostratified epithelium without cilia found in large ducts of salivary glands and urethra.

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Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia for movement; vital in the respiratory system for moving mucus.

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Stereocilia

Long microvilli not cilia; found in the male reproductive system, like vas deferens and epididymis.

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Stratified epithelium with multiple layers of flattened cells that form a tough protective barrier.

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Goblet Cells

Mucus-secreting cells found in certain types of pseudostratified columnar epithelium within the respiratory tract.

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Basement Membrane (BM)

Thin layer of tissue that separates epithelial cells from underlying connective tissue.

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Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A type of stratified squamous epithelium where the top layer doesn't have keratin scales, found in areas like the lining of the mouth and esophagus.

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Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A type of stratified squamous epithelium where the top layer is covered with keratin scales protecting against abrasion and water loss, found in the epidermis of the skin.

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Stratified Cubical Epithelium

A type of epithelium composed of 2-3 layers of cube-shaped cells, found in certain ducts of glands.

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Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A type of epithelium with multiple cell layers where the top layer is composed of tall, column-shaped cells, found in the penile urethra and fetal esophagus.

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Transitional Epithelium

A specialized type of stratified cuboidal epithelium that can stretch and change shape, found in the urinary bladder and ureter.

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Watery Secretion

A type of secretion that is thin and watery, often containing enzymes. It is produced by glands like sweat glands.

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Serous Secretion

A watery type of secretion that is rich in proteins and enzymes. The parotid gland, which produces saliva, is an example.

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Mucous Secretion

A thick, sticky secretion that often acts as a lubricant or protective barrier. Examples include the sublingual salivary gland and glands lining the digestive tract.

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Mucoserous Secretion

A type of secretion that is a mixture of both watery and mucus components. The submandibular salivary gland is an example.

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Fatty Secretion

A type of secretion that is composed primarily of fats. Sebaceous glands, which produce oil for the skin, are an example.

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Waxy Secretion

A type of secretion that is composed of wax. The glands of the external ear produce a waxy substance to protect the ear.

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Cellular Secretion

A type of secretion that involves the release of whole cells, such as sperm from the testes or eggs from the ovaries.

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Merocrine Secretion

A type of secretion where the cell releases its product without any damage to itself. The process involves exocytosis.

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Study Notes

Epithelial Tissue

  • Epithelial tissue is one of the four basic tissue types in the body, alongside connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.
  • It's categorized as ectodermal, mesodermal, or endodermal in origin.
  • Characterized by closely packed cells with minimal intercellular substance.
  • Rests on a basement membrane, which it does not penetrate.
  • Receives nourishment via diffusion from underlying connective tissue.
  • Highly innervated and regenerative.

Classification of Epithelial Tissue

  • Surface epithelium: Forms continuous sheets covering surfaces or lining cavities.
    • Classified by layers: simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one).
    • Classified by cell shape on the top layer: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar.
    • May exhibit surface specializations like keratinization or cilia.
  • Glandular epithelium: Modified epithelial cells for secretion.
  • Neuro-epithelium: Modified epithelial cells for receiving stimuli
  • Myo-epithelium: Modified epithelial cells for contractile function.

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

  • Protection
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Excretion
  • Reproduction
  • Sensation
  • Contraction

Types of Epithelial Tissue

1. Simple Squamous Epithelium

  • Single layer of flattened cells with a flat nucleus.
  • Forms thin, smooth surfaces facilitating fluid flow, movement, and gas exchange.
  • Found lining blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, serous membranes, alveoli, and Bowman's capsule.

2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

  • Single layer of cube-like cells with a central nucleus.
  • Primarily involved in secretion.
  • Located in thyroid follicles.

3. Simple Columnar Epithelium

  • Single layer of tall cells with a basal oval nucleus.
  • Involved in secretion and absorption.
  • Lines the stomach and intestines.

4. Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

  • Single layer of tall cells with cilia.
  • Aids in movement of fluids and particles.
  • Found in the uterus, fallopian tubes, and bronchioles.

5. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

  • (Non-ciliated and ciliated)*

  • Appears layered but all cells rest on the basement membrane.

  • Primarily involved in protection and secretion.

  • Lines the membranous urethra and large ducts of salivary glands.

  • Ciliated varieties have cilia, aiding in movement and found in trachea and bronchi.

  • Non-ciliated variety has no cilia, for protection only, lines the urethra and salivary glands.

6. Stratified Epithelium

  • Composed of more than one layer of cells, with the basal layer resting on the basement membrane.
  • Primarily focused on protection.
  • Classified based on the shape of the topmost layer into:
a) Stratified Squamous Epithelium
  • Types: Keratinized and Non-keratinized.
    • Keratinized has a keratin layer for added protection, found in the epidermis.
    • Non-keratinized lacks a keratin layer and lines the mouth, esophagus, and vagina.
b) Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
  • 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells for protection.
  • Lines ducts of sweat glands.
c) Stratified Columnar Epithelium
  • Composed of columnar cells in the top layer.
  • Divided into ciliated and non-ciliated varieties.
  • Found in penile urethra and some portions of the esophagus

7. Transitional Epithelium

  • Highly specialized type of stratified epithelium.
  • Found in the urinary bladder and ureter.
  • Appears multilayered when relaxed and reduced in thickness when stretched.
  • Adaptations for stretching allows the bladder to expand.

Glandular Epithelium

  • Classified based on presence of ducts, the number of cells forming the gland, nature of secretion, and mode (mechanism) of secretion.

  • Exocrine glands (with ducts): Salivary glands, sweat glands.

  • Endocrine glands (ductless): Thyroid gland, adrenal glands.

  • Mixed glands (both exocrine and endocrine portions): Pancreas, liver.

  • Unicellular glands: Goblet cells found in respiratory and digestive systems.

  • Multicellular glands : Composed of several cells.

Nature of Secretion

  • Watery, serous, mucous, mucoserous, fatty, waxy, cellular.

Modes of Secretion

  • Merocrine (no loss of cell components), apocrine (loss of apical portion), holocrine (whole cell disintegrates)

Neuroepithelium

  • Specialized epithelial tissue for receiving stimuli.
  • Contains hair cells, columnar cells, and basal cells.

Myoepithelium

  • Specialized epithelial tissue with contractile myoepithelial cells.
  • Present around secretory cells and helps in squeezing out secretions.

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Histology Lecture 6 (Epithelium) PDF

Description

This quiz covers the key concepts of epithelial tissue, one of the four basic tissue types. It includes classifications such as surface epithelium, glandular epithelium, and neuro-epithelium, along with their characteristics and functions. Test your understanding of cellular structures and functions related to this essential tissue.

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