Tissue Types and Epithelial Features

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Questions and Answers

Which location is associated with simple squamous epithelium?

  • Kidney tubules
  • Skin epidermis
  • Blood and lymphatic vessels (correct)
  • Stomach

What is the primary function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

  • Filtration and diffusion
  • Secretion and absorption (correct)
  • Movement of mucus
  • Protection against abrasion

Where is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium primarily located?

  • Upper respiratory tract
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Stomach to anus (correct)
  • Heart and blood vessels

What is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

<p>Movement of particles and mucus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>Protection in areas exposed to abrasion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

<p>Presence of goblet cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT supported by simple squamous epithelium?

<p>Surface of ovaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which location would you primarily find ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

<p>Lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following germ layers is responsible for giving rise to nervous tissue?

<p>Ectoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature is characteristic of epithelial tissue?

<p>Presence of cell junctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with epithelial tissue?

<p>Contract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic describes transitional epithelium?

<p>Varied shapes and stratified structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of epithelial tissue?

<p>All three germ layers contribute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

<p>Energy production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of epithelium that distinguishes it from connective tissue?

<p>High cell density with very little extracellular matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes epithelial tissues that have more than one layer of cells?

<p>Stratified epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>Protection in areas of heavy traffic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location is NOT associated with stratified cuboidal epithelium?

<p>Lining of the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of urothelium (transitional epithelium)?

<p>It allows distension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes exocrine glands from endocrine glands?

<p>They have ducts leading to an external surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is secreted by exocrine glands?

<p>Sweat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is stratified columnar epithelium predominantly located?

<p>Urethra and gland ducts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major function of glandular epithelium?

<p>Producing and secreting substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is unique to endocrine glands?

<p>Release of substances into interstitial fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Origin

Epithelial tissue originates from the endoderm, a germ layer that forms during embryonic development.

Epithelial Tissue: Location

Epithelial tissue lines body cavities, covers surfaces, and forms glands. It's found everywhere from the skin to the intestines.

Epithelial Tissue: Surfaces

Epithelial tissue has a free surface called the apical surface that faces the outside or a cavity. The basal surface attaches to the underlying connective tissue.

Epithelial Tissue: Avascular

Epithelial tissue is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels. It receives nutrients and oxygen from the underlying connective tissue via diffusion.

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Epithelial Tissue: Cell Junctions

Epithelial tissue is held together by cell junctions that provide structural support and communication between cells.

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Epithelial Tissue: Regeneration

Epithelial tissue has a high regenerative capacity, meaning it can replace damaged or lost cells quickly through mitosis.

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Epithelial Tissue: Functions

Epithelial tissue functions in protection, secretion, absorption, sensation, excretion, filtration, transport, and lubrication.

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Epithelial Tissue: Classification

Epithelial tissue is classified based on the number of cell layers and the shape of the apical cells.

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Simple Squamous Epithelium

A thin, single layer of flattened cells; found in areas where filtration, diffusion, and secretion occur.

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A single layer of cube-shaped cells, responsible for secretion and absorption.

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Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of tall, column-shaped cells, specialized for secretion and absorption; may have cilia.

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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of cells that appear stratified (layered) but are all attached to the basement membrane; found in the respiratory tract and other areas.

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Several layers of cells, with the apical (top) layer being flattened; provides protection in areas of high wear and tear.

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Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A type of stratified squamous epithelium with a tough, protective outer layer of keratin; found in the skin.

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Goblet cells

Specialized cells found in some epithelia that secrete mucus.

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Cilia

Hair-like projections on the surface of some cells; aid in movement of substances along the cell surface.

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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A type of epithelial tissue with multiple layers of cube-shaped cells. Found in areas like sweat gland ducts and glands, where some secretion and absorption are needed.

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Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A type of epithelial tissue with multiple layers of column-shaped cells. Found in places like the anus and glands, where protection and secretion are essential.

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Urothelium (Transitional Epithelium)

A specialized type of epithelial tissue found lining the bladder, ureters, and urethra. It's able to stretch as the organs fill and empty.

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Endocrine Gland

Glands that release their secretions directly into the bloodstream, like hormones.

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Exocrine Gland

Glands that release their secretions through a duct to a surface, like sweat, oil, or saliva.

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Hormones (Role in Homeostasis)

Hormones released by endocrine glands that help regulate many bodily processes, keeping the body running smoothly.

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Epithelial Cell Renewal

The process by which epithelial cells mature and are replaced by new cells. The new cells are formed at the base, and the old cells are shed at the surface.

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Study Notes

Tissue Origins

  • Embryonic cells differentiate into three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
  • Ectoderm gives rise to nervous tissue
  • Endoderm forms epithelial tissue
  • Mesoderm produces connective and muscular tissue

Epithelial Tissue: Features

  • Epithelial cells cover body surfaces, line body cavities, and form glands

  • Apical (free) surface faces the lumen (internal space)

  • Lateral surfaces connect adjacent cells

  • Basal surface connects to the connective tissue

  • All epithelial tissues have a basement membrane (basal lamina)

  • Epithelial tissue is avascular (lacking blood vessels)

  • Epithelial tissues undergo mitosis (cell division)

  • Epithelial tissue is in contact with the extracellular fluid/interstitial fluid (ECF/ISF)

  • Epithelial tissue has cell junctions

  • Functions: protection, secretion, absorption, sensation, excretion, filtration, transport, lubrication

Surface Epithelium: Classification

  • Classified by arrangement of layers and cell shape
  • Simple epithelium: single layer of cells
  • Stratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells
  • Pseudostratified epithelium: appears layered but is a single layer
  • Cell shapes: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), columnar (column-shaped), transitional (variable shape)

Simple Squamous

  • Single layer of flat cells
  • Locations: lining of blood vessels, alveoli of lungs, glomerular capsule, and serous membranes
  • Function: filtration, diffusion, secretion (serous)

Simple Cuboidal

  • Single layer of cube-shaped cells
  • Locations: kidney tubules, gland ducts, surface of ovaries
  • Function: secretion, absorption

Simple Columnar: Non-ciliated

  • Single layer of column-shaped cells, often with microvilli
  • Locations: lining of stomach, intestine, and parts of the digestive tract
  • Function: secretion, absorption

Simple Columnar: Ciliated

  • Single layer of column-shaped cells with cilia
  • Locations: respiratory tract, uterine tubes, uterus, central canal spinal cord, brain ventricles
  • Function: move particles, mucus

Pseudostratified Columnar

  • Appears layered but is a single layer
  • Locations: respiratory tract, parts of male reproductive system
  • Function: secretion, move mucus

Stratified Squamous

  • Multiple layers of flat cells
  • Keratinized: outer skin (epidermis, mouth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, vagina)
  • Non-keratinized: inner lining of mouth, vagina
  • Function: protection

Stratified Cuboidal

  • Multiple layers of cuboidal cells
  • Locations: sweat gland ducts, male urethra, esophageal glands
  • Function: protection, some secretion and absorption

Stratified Columnar

  • Multiple layers of columnar cells
  • Locations: anus, glands, urethra
  • Function: protection, secretion

Urothelium (Transitional)

  • Cells can change shape depending on the degree of bladder distension
  • Locations: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
  • Function: allows distension

Glandular Epithelium: Endocrine

  • Produces hormones released into the bloodstream
  • Locations: thyroid gland, various other glands
  • Function: Homeostasis, internal regulation

Glandular Epithelium: Exocrine

  • Secretes substances into ducts that open onto surfaces
  • Locations: sweat glands, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, exocrine glands found throughout the body
  • Function: secrete substances onto surfaces (e.g., mucus, sweat, wax, digestive juices, oil, saliva, milk)

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