Epilepsy and Anti-Epileptic Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of benzodiazepines on the GABAA receptor in the absence of GABA?

  • Increases the affinity of GABA for its binding site
  • Has no effect (correct)
  • Inhibits the action of GABA
  • Enhances the membrane currents induced by GABA

    • What is the minimum number of subunits required to form a functional GABAA receptor?

  • 4
  • 6
  • 5 (correct)
  • 3

    • What is the binding site for benzodiazepines on the GABAA receptor?

  • Transmembrane domain of g subunits
  • Intracellular domain of b subunits
  • C-terminal domain of d subunits
  • Extracellular domain of a subunits (correct)

    • What is the effect of activating the a1 subunit BZD site on the GABAA receptor?

    <p>Sedative effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of known a subunits in the GABAA receptor?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GABA on the GABAA receptor in the presence of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Increases the affinity of benzodiazepines for their binding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed when use-dependent Na channel blockers are applied to mouse spinal cord neurons in culture?

    <p>Decrease in channel inactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of monogenic epilepsy?

    <p>Associated with other major signs such as developmental delay and cognitive impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of GABA-T (GABA transaminase) and SSADH mutations?

    <p>Epilepsy fits due to extensive CNS abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of the kindling phenomenon in the field of neuroscience?

    <p>Developing and testing anti-epileptic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a use-dependent Na or Ca channel blocker on firing rate control?

    <p>Decrease in frequency of firing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in suppressing neuronal excitability?

    <p>Enhancing the activity of inhibitory ion channels gated by GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the GABAB receptor in the brain?

    <p>Inhibiting cAMP production through Gi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of idiopathic epilepsies?

    <p>Have a complex genetic basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome associated with monogenic epilepsy?

    <p>Angelmann syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of synapses in the brain that involve the neurotransmitter GABA?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anti-epileptic drugs acts by blocking voltage-dependent Na or Ca channels?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the agonist that acts on the GABAB receptor?

    <p>Baclofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of vigabatrin on GABA?

    <p>Inhibiting GABA transaminase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in treating seizures?

    <p>Prolonging the opening of GABA-activated Cl- channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures is ethosuximide specifically used to treat?

    <p>Absence seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine and phenytoin?

    <p>Blocking voltage-gated sodium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tiagabine on GABA concentration?

    <p>Increases GABA concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the binding of carbamazepine and phenytoin to voltage-gated sodium channels?

    <p>State-dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anticonvulsant drugs acts by enhancing the opening of K+ channels of the KCNQ type?

    <p>Retigabine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of sodium valproate in terms of voltage-gated sodium channels?

    <p>Weak blocking action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant drug is associated with fetal abnormalities?

    <p>Sodium valproate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anticonvulsant drugs is thought to act as an antagonist of AMPA receptors?

    <p>Perampanel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant drug binds to a synaptic vesicle protein called SV2A?

    <p>Levetiracetam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular target of gabapentin and pregabalin?

    <p>The a2d-subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

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